Skip to content
buddhavacana

P: The endings by frequency

The look-up tables at the end of chapter 1 give, for each ending, its readings in the order a reader should try them. This appendix is the full analysis behind those charts: for every ending, every reading the dictionary allows, with the share of the words that end so which take it, over the whole Tipiṭaka. A beginner who meets a sentence has first to classify each word by its ending, with nothing but the letters to go on, so the charts are grouped by the last letter of the word, the commonest endings first, and nouns, verbs and particles stand side by side in every chart; each bar is a reading, its length the share.

How the shares were computed

Section titled “How the shares were computed”

The corpus is the Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana Tipiṭaka as published at tipitaka2500.github.io, 2,757,516 words. The method is the one the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary uses for its own frequency tables: every word-form in the corpus is counted, and a form’s count is credited to each headword whose inflection table contains it, so that a headword’s frequency is the sum of the counts of its forms. Here the question runs the other way, which reading a form most likely has, and three steps answer it:

  1. Every word that ends in one of the endings below is looked up in the dictionary, which lists the headwords whose tables contain it and the reading each table gives it (gender, number and inflection form for a noun; tense, person and number for a verb; a pronoun, a particle, a participle, an absolutive, an infinitive, a sandhi join).
  2. Where a form belongs to several headwords, its count is divided among them in proportion to the Tipiṭaka frequency of each headword’s other forms. A rare homograph cannot then borrow the frequency of the very form in dispute: bhante goes to the address form, not to bhanta (“wavering”), and āyasmā to āyasmant, not to the ⑤ of āya (“income”).
  3. The dictionary’s entries for letters, roots, suffixes and verb endings, and its entries for grammatical terms (the “(gram)” headwords), are not candidates; a word the dictionary itself lists as a pronoun is read as one, and so is a particle, unless the particle is a frozen inflected form of a noun (dukkhaṁ “painfully”, tato “from that”), which is read as that noun; a noun’s own adjectival homonym, its sense as the last member of a compound, is not a candidate for a free-standing form; and an address form the dictionary lists as a headword of its own (bhikkhave, bhante) takes the reading of that headword’s grammar note.

The shares are therefore estimates, not counts of readings in context, and they have four known limits. They count letters, not analyses: a word in -āna with the ending -aṁ (jhānaṁ) is among the words ending in -ānaṁ, and a verb with iti joined on (uppajjatīti) among those ending in -ti; the rows say so. Adjectives and participles are classed as such, not by the gender and ending they take from their noun, since the noun is not in view; a reader meeting one reads it as a noun of that gender would be read. A word whose other forms are common but which rarely uses the form in question can be over-credited (te is partly counted as the numeral “three”). And where a dictionary table gives a form several readings of one headword (-assa as ④ or ⑥, a neuter -aṁ as ① or ②), nothing in the method can tell them apart, so the row keeps both. The script that makes the charts, tools/ending_shares.py in the book’s repository, can be rerun against a newer dictionary or another corpus.

The symbols are those of the book: 🚹 🚺 🚻 the genders, ⨀ ⨂ singular and plural, ① to ⑦ and ⓪ the endings, ▶️ ⏹ ⏯ ⏮ ⏭ 🔀 🔄 ↩️ the eight sets of verb endings, 👆 🤘 🤟 the persons, *️⃣ a pronoun.

Words that end in …a

Section titled “Words that end in …a”

-a 274,086 words end so, 99.4 in every thousand 97% of them classed
a particle or adverb
ca, na, pana, idha, ceva
54.7%
🚹⨀⓪
nava, mahārāja, ānanda, satta, brāhmaṇa
9.4%
a number
pañca, nava, cha, terasa, ekādasa
5.8%
an absolutive (-ya)
paṭicca, upasampajja, ārabbha, abhibhuyya, paricca
4.1%
🚻 a form its table does not list
vatthuñca, cakkhundriyañca, cakkhāyatanañca, rūpāyatanañca, upekkhindriyañca
4.0%
🚹 a form its table does not list
kāmarāgānusayañca, paṭighānusayañca, khandhañca, mānānusayañca, vicikicchānusayañca
3.9%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
yāva, cittasamuṭṭhānañca, sahajāta, cittasamuṭṭhānānañca, dasa
3.3%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
paṭicca, pahātabbañca, laddhāna, gayha, sakka
2.7%
*️⃣ a pronoun
tañca, yañca, aññamañña, tasseva, katamañca
2.6%
a sandhi join, to be split
ceva, vivicceva, evamāha, tenāha, idamavoca
1.9%
a verb form the table does not list
etadavoca, avoca, attheva, eteva, punadeva
1.7%
a past participle (-ta)
satta, vippayutta, sampayutta, abyākatañca, sampayuttañca
1.3%
🚺 a form its table does not list
kathañca, diṭṭheva, vuddhiyeva, pubbeva, āpodhātuñca
0.9%
an absolutive (-tvā)
disvāna, sutvāna, gahetvāna, katvāna, vatvāna
0.9%
🚻⨀⓪
vata, indriya, jhāna, moggallāna, sunakkhatta
0.7%
⏹🤘⨀
gaccha, nissaya, saha, cara, bhuñja
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.3%

-assa 89,097 words end so, 32.3 in every thousand 94% of them classed see also -issa, -ino
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
dhammassa, kāyassa, cittassa, saṁghassa, puggalassa
35.1%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀④ or ⑥
tassa, yassa, imassa, kassa, etassa
20.7%
🚻⨀④ or ⑥
dukkaṭassa, cittassa, pācittiyassa, dukkhassa, rūpassa
19.5%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
itthannāmassa, purejātassa, avitakkavicāramattassa, savitakkasavicārassa, avitakkaavicārassa
9.3%
a past participle (-ta)
buddhassa, abyākatassa, samannāgatassa, samāpannassa, uppannassa
6.6%
a sandhi join, to be split
yassa, evamassa, cassa, evametassa, panassa
3.5%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
bhaṇantassa, upapajjantassa, paṭivijānantassa, ajānantassa, vuṭṭhahantassa
2.3%
a particle or adverb
tassa, divādivassa
1.2%
a number
paṭhamassa, catutthassa, ekassa, dutiyassa, tatiyassa
0.5%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
pahātabbassa, pāṭidesanīyassa, sakkassa, pabbājanīyassa, neyyassa
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.6%

-ena 80,399 words end so, 29.2 in every thousand 87% of them classed see also -inā
🚹⨀③
samayena, ārammaṇapaccayena, upanissayapaccayena, hetupaccayena, anantarapaccayena
45.8%
🚻⨀③
dassanena, cittena, ekena, ñāṇena, kammena
19.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀③
tena, yena, kena, etena, aññena
14.7%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
dibbena, duvidhena, atikkantamānusakena, aparena, paṭibalena
9.6%
a past participle (-ta)
saṁkhittena, samannāgatena, visuddhena, byattena, vippasannena
3.8%
a particle or adverb
tena, yena, tenaṅgena, assāsavasena, passāsavasena
3.4%
a number
ekena, paṭhamena, dutiyena, catutthena, tatiyena
0.9%
🚹⨀⓪
nāgasena, upasena, udena, sena
0.9%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
appaṭighaṁsantena, sampassamānena, nikkhipantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena, viharantena
0.7%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

-āya 48,067 words end so, 17.4 in every thousand 94% of them classed
🚺⨀③ or ④ or ⑤ or ⑥ or ⑦
vedanāya, bhāvanāya, vācāya, kathāya, abhiññāya
28.8%
🚻⨀④
dukkhāya, sukhāya, pahānāya, adukkhamasukhāya, dassanāya
17.2%
🚹⨀④
piṇḍāya, pasādāya, atthāya, adhigamāya, uppādāya
17.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
vedanāya, vācāya, sañcetanikāya, paññāya, dibbāya
13.2%
an absolutive (-ya)
nissāya, pahāya, ādāya, upanissāya, samādāya
10.5%
a particle or adverb
upādāya, upanissāya, nissāya, sabbattatāya, paṭilābhatthāya
3.2%
a past participle (-ta)
appaṭicchannāya, hitāya, abhikkantāya, mattāya, daḷhāya
3.1%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀③ or ⑤
tāya, etāya
1.2%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
pahāya, sākacchāya, anavajjāya, asaṁhāriyāya, laddhāya
1.1%
a sandhi join, to be split
pattacīvaramādāya, tāyevappāhāratāya, catthāya, dantebhidantamādhāya, saṁvāsamanvāya
0.9%
🚺⨀③
sammappaññāya, paññāya, paṭisaṅkhāya, aññāya
0.9%
a number
ekāya, paṭhamāya, cattārīsāya, tiṁsāya, cattālīsāya
0.8%
⏹🤘⨀
paññāya, viññāya, jhāya, pajāya, vihāya
0.7%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀③ or ④ or ⑤ or ⑥ or ⑦
yāya, aññāya, sabbāya, anaññāya, kāya
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.0%

-tha, -ttha 35,854 words end so, 13 in every thousand 98% of them classed
a particle or adverb
tattha, atha, yattha, ettha, kattha
77.2%
⏮🤘⨂
uppajjittha, nirujjhittha, bhāvittha, parijānittha, sacchikarittha
10.1%
⏹🤘⨂ or ▶️🤘⨂
suṇātha, maññatha, karotha, pajahatha, etha
5.5%
🚹 a form its table does not list
sabbattha, ratha
3.7%
a sandhi join, to be split
mayamettha, kaccittha, cettha, kutettha, athettha
1.6%
a verb form the table does not list
abhāsatha, udapajjatha, kayirātha, ajāyatha, ajjhabhāsatha
0.9%
🚻⨀⓪
kattha, assattha
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.3%

-eyya, -eyyātha, -eyyāma 11,474 words end so, 4.2 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -eyyaṁ, -eyyāsi, -etha
⏯🤟⨀
vadeyya, kareyya, gaccheyya, bhāseyya, passeyya
85.3%
⏯🤘⨂
uddiseyyātha, samanupasseyyātha, byākareyyātha, jāneyyātha, paṭipuccheyyātha
4.8%
a verb form the table does not list
vineyya, dadeyya, kareyya, vadeyya, pasāreyya
3.7%
⏯👆⨂
labheyyāma, tenupasaṅkameyyāma, kareyyāma, passeyyāma, āroceyyāma
3.1%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
vineyya, kareyya, ākaṅkheyya, sakkuṇeyya, passeyya
1.6%
an absolutive (-ya)
vineyya, viceyya, niccheyya, anabhineyya, vijeyya
1.2%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.1%

-ma 10,686 words end so, 3.9 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -mi
a particle or adverb
nāma, āgamma, āma, samma, kimāgamma
26.1%
🚻⨀⓪
nāma, samma, āma, sāma, kittināma
20.0%
🚹⨀⓪
gotama, mahānāma, pāpima, cakkhuma, susima
16.0%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀④ or ⑥
mama
14.7%
an absolutive (-ya)
samatikkamma, āgamma, atikkamma, saṅgamma, samāgamma
8.3%
⏹👆⨂ or ▶️👆⨂
gacchāma, pucchāma, jānāma, suṇoma, viharāma
8.2%
⏯👆⨂ or ⏹👆⨂ or ▶️👆⨂
dhārema, dema, desema, yāpema, paññapema
1.3%
⏹🤘⨀
samma, khama, abhikkama, nikkhama, abhirama
1.1%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
samma, nikkhama, vāyama, virama, abhikkama
1.1%
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
kamma
0.8%
a verb form the table does not list
tenupasaṅkama, nikkhama, āyāma, abhikkama, addasāma
0.6%
🚺⨀⓪
amma, āma, sāma, sudhamma, khama
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.3%

-issa, -ussa 6,862 words end so, 2.5 in every thousand 80% of them classed see also -assa, -ino
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
hetussa, bhikkhussa, vipassissa, gahapatissa, udāyissa
43.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀④ or ⑥
kissa, amussa
17.8%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
anāgāmissa, ācayagāmissa, sakadāgāmissa, muṭṭhassatissa, rūpissa
11.5%
🚻⨀④ or ⑥
vatthussa, cakkhussa, sappissa, vāyussa, ādissa
5.7%
a sandhi join, to be split
hissa, itissa, yampissa, yepissa, yopissa
4.5%
🚹⨀⑥
gotrabhussa, vessabhussa, sayambhussa, viññussa, abhibhussa
4.4%
🚹⨀⓪
tissa, phussa, upatissa, tapussa
3.9%
an absolutive (-ya)
abhinivissa, uddissa, phussa, ādissa, anodissa
3.6%
🔀🤘⨀ or 🔀🤟⨀
abhavissa, nābhavissa, agamissa, nālabhissa
3.3%
🚻⨀⓪
uddissa, dussa
0.9%
a particle or adverb
uddissa
0.8%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.1%

-etha 1,173 words end so, 0.4 in every thousand 98% of them classed see also -eyya, -eyyaṁ, -eyyāsi
⏯🤘⨂
labhetha, pahīyetha, vadetha, jāyetha, yajetha
58.3%
⏯🤘⨂ or ⏹🤘⨂ or ▶️🤘⨂
detha, dhāretha, bhāvetha, desetha, nisāmetha
37.9%
a verb form the table does not list
kubbetha, labhetha, paṭisaṁvediyetha, nikubbetha, dajjetha
3.8%

-ssāma, -ssatha 985 words end so, 0.4 in every thousand 100% of them classed see also -ssati
⏭👆⨂
bhavissāma, karissāma, tenupasaṅkamissāma, hessāma, bhuñjissāma
56.0%
⏭🤘⨂
karissatha, bhavissatha, bhuñjissatha, sañjānissatha, dhāressatha
15.7%
⏹🤘⨂ or ▶️🤘⨂
passatha, samanupassatha, namassatha, vinassatha, pavassatha
10.1%
⏹👆⨂ or ▶️👆⨂
passāma, samanupassāma, assāma, namassāma, panassāma
8.7%
⏭👆⨂ or ⏹👆⨂ or ▶️👆⨂
dassāma, kassāma, nessāma
4.5%
⏯👆⨂
assāma, anassāma
1.4%
a verb form the table does not list
anassāma, abhassatha, assatha, pavassatha, kassāma
1.4%
⏭🤘⨂ or ⏹🤘⨂ or ▶️🤘⨂
dassatha, nessatha
1.2%
⏮🤘⨂
addassatha
0.8%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.3%

Words that end in …ā

Section titled “Words that end in …ā”

-ā 293,685 words end so, 106.5 in every thousand 92% of them classed
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
dhammā, hetupaccayā, khandhā, paccayā, saṅkhārā
25.9%
a particle or adverb
vā, yathā, tadā, yadā, musā
16.5%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
bahiddhā, sambahulā, vedanā, sahajātā, pacchā
14.1%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
vedanā, paññā, mā, saññā, cetanā
10.4%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
akusalā, maraṇā, kusalā, tathā, dukkhā
9.6%
a past participle (-ta)
pahīnā, sampayuttā, sattā, vippayuttā, saṅgahitā
6.5%
🚹⨀① or ⓪; ⨂①
bhagavā, cakkhumā, sutavā, pāpimā, iddhimā
2.1%
🚹⨀①
bhagavā, rājā, satthā, arahā
2.0%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀①; ⨂① or ②
yā, katamā, sabbā, sā, kā
2.0%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
rājā, attā, arahā, satthā, anattā
1.8%
🚹⨂① or ⓪
khandhā, samaṇabrāhmaṇā, kusalā, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā, mahābhūtā
1.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
imā, tā, etā, nā, netā
0.9%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀①
sā, esā, nesā, kā
0.8%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀③ or ⑤
mayā, tayā
0.6%
an absolutive (-tvā)
disvā, anāpucchā, kattā, aladdhā, laddhā
0.6%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
sammā, labbhā, vijjā, samādapetā, kāretā
0.6%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
pāṭikaṅkhā, abhiññeyyā, daṭṭhabbā, sakkā, karaṇīyā
0.5%
a verb form the table does not list
anusayā, nirodhā, jaññā, rājā, vūpasamā
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
3.1%

-iyā, -uyā 33,013 words end so, 12 in every thousand 89% of them classed
🚺⨀③ or ④ or ⑤ or ⑥ or ⑦
āpattiyā, kāmadhātuyā, rūpadhātuyā, arūpadhātuyā, bhikkhuniyā
39.9%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
hetuyā, adhipatiyā, naadhipatiyā, chabbaggiyā, atthiyā
31.2%
⏯🤟⨀
siyā, jāniyā, vijāniyā, sītisiyā, nāvajāniyā
13.2%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
indriyā, saṁyojaniyā, piyā, acchariyā, ñāṇacariyā
4.7%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
ariyā, khattiyā, piyā, appiyā, titthiyā
3.5%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
bhariyā, viññāṇacariyā, cariyā, kālakiriyā, aññāṇacariyā
3.5%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
satiyā, bhuñjantiyā, vuṭṭhāpentiyā, atikkāmentiyā, phalantiyā
1.4%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
upādāniyā, nīvaraṇiyā, ganthaniyā, anupādāniyā, aganthaniyā
1.2%
a number
vīsatiyā, tatiyā, asītiyā, dutiyā, dvāsaṭṭhiyā
0.8%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.5%

-tvā 28,924 words end so, 10.5 in every thousand 99% of them classed
an absolutive (-tvā)
upasaṅkamitvā, katvā, ṭhapetvā, abhivādetvā, sutvā
100.0%

-atā 16,521 words end so, 6 in every thousand 91% of them classed
a past participle (-ta)
abyākatā, samannāgatā, bahulīkatā, paṭiviratā, gatā
29.6%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
yāvatā, ettāvatā, upekkhāsahagatā, mahatā, pītisahagatā
19.9%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
devatā, cittassekaggatā, dhammatā, samūhatā, aniccatā
19.6%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤
bhagavatā, āyasmatā, arahatā, cakkhumatā, satā
18.0%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
jānatā, passatā, ajjhāvasatā, asatā, ajānatā
3.3%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
tathāgatā, anāgatā, pabbatā, sugatā, kālaṅkatā
3.0%
🚹⨀③
bhagavatā, arahatā
2.4%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
asaṅkhatā, katā, pañcasatā, diṭṭhigatā, sukatā
1.7%
a particle or adverb
kittāvatā, tāvatā, ahovatā, asatā
1.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

-ntā 8,682 words end so, 3.1 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -nto, -ntaṁ, -nte
a particle or adverb
āmantā, āpattisāmantā, aṅgajātasāmantā, bhikkhusāmantā, koṭṭhakasāmantā
70.6%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
santā, kukkuccāyantā, karontā, vitudantā, sampassantā
11.6%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
samantā, mahantā, piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā, bahujanakantā, sudantā
5.0%
a past participle (-ta)
kantā, vūpasantā, abhikkantā, nikkhantā, dantā
4.7%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
mantā, kammantā, dantā, ārohantā, kantā
3.1%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
gantā, hantā, agantā, anāgantā, mantā
1.3%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
kantā, cintā, mantā, lokacintā, jantā
1.2%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
sāmantā, kantā, kammantā, suttantā, abhikkantā
1.1%
🚹⨀⑤; ⨂① or ⓪
bhadantā, āyasmantā, santā, himavantā, accimantā
1.0%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.3%

-asmā, -amhā 7,696 words end so, 2.8 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -ato
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑤
tasmā, tamhā, yasmā, kasmā, etamhā
28.2%
🚹⨀①
āyasmā
24.8%
🚹⨀① or ⓪; ⨂①
āyasmā
19.8%
a sandhi join, to be split
yenāyasmā, ayamāyasmā, iccāyasmā, panāyasmā, cāyasmā
11.6%
🚻⨀⑤
agārasmā, dukkhasmā, khīramhā, navanītamhā, bandhanasmā
10.6%
🚹⨀⑤
āyasmā, lokamhā, saṁghamhā, gedhamhā, aṇḍakosamhā
3.1%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
māyasmā, parasmā, amukamhā, samhā, idhāgatamhā
1.3%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

-inā, -unā 5,636 words end so, 2 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -ena
🚹⨀③ or ⑤
bhikkhunā, yoginā, brahmunā, ñāṇagginā, pāṇinā
48.2%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀③
iminā, amunā
17.1%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤
cakkhunā, kammunā, vatthunā, āyunā, asucinā
17.1%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
ahorattānusikkhinā, agginā, vārinā, sakadāgāminā, anāgāminā
5.7%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
vinā, anutthunā, jinā, ajinā
5.4%
🚹⨀③
bhikkhunā, pāṇinā, brahmunā, pitunā, bhattunā
1.6%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
yamunā, dosinā, kaṇhājinā, tasinā, kāmatasinā
1.3%
a particle or adverb
sotthinā, punā, adhunā
1.2%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
methunā, supinā, vipinā, kharājinā, kathinā
1.2%
a verb form the table does not list
vinā, jinā, anutthunā, ajinā, odhinā
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.8%

-tabbā, -anīyā 3,860 words end so, 1.4 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -tabbaṁ, -tabbo
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
vattabbā, pahātabbā, bhāvetabbā, kātabbā, vitthāretabbā
94.7%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
kātabbā, vacanīyā, sevitabbā, tapanīyā, tajjanīyā
3.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
pemanīyā, pāraṅgamanīyā, paṇḍitavedanīyā, cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā, manoviññāṇaviññātabbā
2.2%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.0%

-asā 3,333 words end so, 1.2 in every thousand 98% of them classed see also -aso, -asi
🚹⨀③ or ⑤
manasā, cetasā, sirasā, sahasā, yasasā
35.8%
🚹⨀③
cetasā, manasā, sirasā, vacasā, jarasā
24.2%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
cetasā, ekarasā, manasā, orasā, analasā
16.1%
↩️🤟⨀
addasā, tamaddasā, vinasā
9.2%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
rasā, makasā, vasā, rakkhasā, vehāyasā
7.9%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
rasā, sāhasā, kakkasā, mānasā, tidasā
2.2%
a particle or adverb
vāhasā, padasā, balasā, nātisahasā, vegasā
2.0%
🚹⨀⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
rasā, yasā, ayasā
1.0%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
vasā, rakhasā, sūriyavacchasā, dasā, nakhasā
0.7%
a verb form the table does not list
avasā, vasā, tasā, kasā, parāmasā
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

-mānā 1,677 words end so, 0.6 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -māno, -māne
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
saṁvijjamānā, uppajjamānā, nivisamānā, sammodamānā, vuccamānā
90.2%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
samānā, eḷakasamānā, meghasamānā
5.8%
🚺⨀① or ③; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
sikkhamānā, pāpasikkhamānā
1.5%
🚹⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
mānātimānā, atimānā, vaḍḍhamānā, adhimānā, vimānā
1.3%
🚻⨀③ or ⑤ or ⓪; ⨂① or ⓪
vattamānā, vimānā, nimmānā
0.8%
🚹⨂① or ⓪
samānā
0.5%

Words that end in …i

Section titled “Words that end in …i”

-ti 170,011 words end so, 61.7 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -nti
▶️🤟⨀
hoti, uppajjati, viharati, vuccati, pajānāti
71.8%
a verb with iti joined on (…tīti)
uppajjatīti, uppajjissatīti, uppajjitthāti, abhāsitthāti, nirujjhissatīti
7.4%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
āpatti, anāpatti, paññatti, jāti, sati
7.0%
🚹 a form its table does not list
ādikammikassāti, suttantoti, atthīti, tathāgatenāti, bhagavāti
3.1%
a particle or adverb
iti, cāti, vāti, ārabbhāti, pati
2.5%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
gahapati, adhipati, thapati, sahampati, senāpati
1.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
sānusayoti, niranusayoti, vimutti, atthīti, sammāsati
1.3%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
sati, asati, bujjhantīti, upapajjatīti, pajahatīti
1.1%
a past participle (-ta)
samannāgatoti, pahīnoti, appahīnoti, vimuttamiti, paññattoti
0.9%
🚺 a form its table does not list
āpattīti, paṇidhīti, paññattīti, sukkavissaṭṭhīti, dasāti
0.7%
🚻 a form its table does not list
itthattāyāti, maraṇāti, arahattāti, sotāpattiphalāti, dukkhasmāti
0.6%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
kati
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.6%

-i 147,357 words end so, 53.4 in every thousand 97% of them classed
a particle or adverb
ti, hi, api, yadi, tipi
46.2%
a number
tīṇi, cattāri, pañcahi, chahi, sattahi
12.4%
▶️🤟⨀ or ▶️🤟⨂
atthi, natthi, karaṇīyamatthi
6.2%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
atthi, upāli, samādhi, sammāsamādhi, gāmaṇi
4.5%
⏮🤘⨀ or ⏮🤟⨀
nisīdi, udapādi, vigarahi, sammodi, uttari
4.1%
🚹 a form its table does not list
ayampi, saṁsaṭṭhavāropi, paccayavāropi, ekadhammampi, dutiyampi
3.7%
*️⃣ a pronoun
tampi, ayampi, yampi, idampi, ahampi
3.3%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
atthi, aparehipi, tatiyampi, evaṁdiṭṭhi, kathañhi
2.9%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
diṭṭhi, sammādiṭṭhi, micchādiṭṭhi, sakkāyadiṭṭhi, iddhi
2.8%
a sandhi join, to be split
seyyathāpi, kiñcāpi, khomhi, panaññampi, cepi
2.4%
🚻 a form its table does not list
paccanīyampi, ayampi, ekampi, abyābajjhampi, cetasikampi
2.3%
🚺 a form its table does not list
kathañhi, dutiyampi, tatiyampi, gaṇanāpi, pathaviyāpi
1.3%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂③ or ⑤
katihi, kehici, ehi, kāhici, katibhi
1.0%
a verb form the table does not list
etampi, yepi, sahāpi, kārāpentipi, harantipi
0.9%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀① or ②
kiñci
0.6%
🚹⨀⑦
attani, satthari, vasimhi, samādhimhi, sammāsamādhimhi
0.5%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
keci, kānici
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
4.0%

-nti 38,743 words end so, 14 in every thousand 98% of them classed see also -ti
▶️🤟⨂
honti, uppajjanti, ujjhāyanti, vipācenti, gacchanti
80.1%
🚻 a form its table does not list
vatthusminti, indriyanti, cakkhundriyanti, nibbānanti, cittanti
6.9%
a past participle (-ta)
avigatanti, paññattanti, abyākatanti, sutanti, uppannanti
4.2%
*️⃣ a pronoun
santi, kinti, mamanti, ahanti, manti
1.5%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
nirāmisanti, nirodhadhammanti, suvimuttanti, vipariṇāmadhammanti, sāmisanti
1.4%
a verb form the table does not list
siyanti, santi, abhinandunti, dadeyyunti, samāpajjinti
1.4%
🚹 a form its table does not list
cittanti, santi, khemanti, kinti, lokanti
1.2%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
santi, karonti, santanti, sakkaronti, sakkonti
0.9%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
avakkanti, santi, gabbhāvakkanti, okkanti, nikanti
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
2.0%

-ehi, -īhi, -ūhi, -āhi 27,167 words end so, 9.9 in every thousand 94% of them classed see also -ānaṁ, -esu
🚹⨂③ or ⑤
dhammehi, khandhehi, kāmehi, bhikkhūhi, ākārehi
32.3%
🚻⨂③ or ⑤
samuṭṭhānehi, aṅgehi, ṭhānehi, akusalehi, vatthūhi
15.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂③ or ⑤
imehi, katamehi, tehi, yehi, imāhi
15.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
dibbehi, ariyakantehi, mudutarehi, parehi, akhaṇḍehi
8.7%
a number
catūhi, tīhi, dvīhi, satasahassehi, soḷasāhi
8.5%
🚺⨂③ or ⑤
dhātūhi, bhikkhunīhi, gāthāhi, kammavācāhi, devatāhi
6.6%
⏹🤘⨀
brūhi, dehi, vadehi, jānāhi, kāmehi
6.3%
a sandhi join, to be split
pañcahaṅgehi, tīhaṅgehi, chahaṅgehi, aṭṭhahaṅgehi, dasahaṅgehi
2.7%
a past participle (-ta)
sampayuttehi, aparāmaṭṭhehi, saṁkiliṭṭhehi, asaṁvutehi, abhiññātehi
1.6%
a particle or adverb
tīhākārehi, pañcahākārehi, catūhākārehi, sattahākārehi, dasahākārehi
1.6%
a verb form the table does not list
brūhi, uṭṭhehi, bhajehi, apehi, āgamehi
0.7%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.6%

-āni, -īni, -ūni 23,563 words end so, 8.5 in every thousand 94% of them classed
🚻⨂① or ② or ⓪
vassāni, pañcindriyāni, rūpāni, saccāni, indriyāni
52.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
dāni, pantāni, suciṇṇāni, ettakāni, bahūni
19.2%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
imāni, tāni, katamāni, yāni, sabbāni
14.6%
a past participle (-ta)
nissaṭāni, pahīnāni, jātāni, satāni, vūpasantāni
7.0%
a sandhi join, to be split
pañcimāni, cattārimāni, yassadāni, tīṇimāni, yānimāni
2.6%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
gahetabbāni, daṭṭhabbāni, dhāretabbāni, rajanīyāni, kātabbāni
2.0%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
parihāni, saṁhāni, dhanajāni, hāni, yasoparihāni
0.6%
a particle or adverb
idāni, svedāni
0.6%
a number
uppalāni, cullāsītisahassāni, padumāni, satasahassāni, puṇḍarīkāni
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.1%

-ssati, -ssanti, -ssāmi 18,581 words end so, 6.7 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -ssāma
⏭🤟⨀
uppajjissati, nirujjhissati, bhavissati, nuppajjissati, karissati
45.8%
⏭🤟⨂
parinibbāyissanti, bhavissanti, paṭilabhissanti, nirujjhissanti, uppajjissanti
20.2%
▶️🤟⨀
passati, samanupassati, vipassati, anupassati, nassati
15.6%
⏭👆⨀
desessāmi, bhavissāmi, karissāmi, pabbajissāmi, kittayissāmi
9.9%
⏹👆⨀ or ▶️👆⨀
passāmi, samanupassāmi, namassāmi, sandissāmi, sussāmi
3.4%
▶️🤟⨂
passanti, vipassanti, samanupassanti, namassanti, dissanti
2.8%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
anussati, ānāpānassati, paṭissati, dhammānussati, maraṇassati
1.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
muṭṭhassati, upaṭṭhitassati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.6%

-si 12,877 words end so, 4.7 in every thousand 91% of them classed
⏮🤘⨀ or ⏮🤟⨀
ahosi, āmantesi, āsi, aṭṭhāsi, adāsi
60.4%
▶️🤘⨀
vadesi, jānāsi, aññāsi, desesi, samādapesi
22.5%
a sandhi join, to be split
etadahosi, kallosi, khosi, diṭṭhosi, nusi
10.5%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
isi, rāsi, pāyāsi, mahesi, mahāisi
2.0%
🚺⨀⓪
āsi, adāsi, bhisi, mahesi, dāsi
1.3%
🚹⨀⓪
mahesi, tapassi, yasassi, sataraṁsi, hitesi
0.7%
⏹🤘⨀
adāsi, niyyāsi, rājāsi, pajahāsi, yamāsi
0.6%
a verb form the table does not list
ahāsi, vihāsi, brūsi, upehisi, vihāhisi
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.4%

-mi 12,797 words end so, 4.6 in every thousand 95% of them classed see also -ma
⏹👆⨀ or ▶️👆⨀
vadāmi, anujānāmi, viharāmi, nābhijānāmi, jānāmi
70.8%
⏮🤘⨀ or ⏮🤟⨀
tenupasaṅkami, pakkāmi, upāgami, nikkhami, okkami
18.5%
a sandhi join, to be split
nesohamasmi, esohamasmi, ahamasmi, khosmi, sāvakohamasmi
3.7%
a verb form the table does not list
vadāmi, brūmi, dammi, paṭihaṅkhāmi, kāhāmi
3.1%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
bhūmi, ūmi, vighātabhūmi, rasmi, pāpabhūmi
1.2%
⏭👆⨀
vakkhāmi, pavakkhāmi, kāhāmi, ucchecchāmi, lacchāmi
0.9%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.6%

-asi 3,369 words end so, 1.2 in every thousand 96% of them classed see also -asā, -aso
▶️🤘⨀
maññasi, passasi, parisaṅkasi, icchasi, tiṭṭhasi
51.6%
🚹⨀⑦
manasi, sirasi, urasi, sarasi, rahasi
22.9%
⏭🤘⨀
bhavissasi, karissasi, gamissasi, sarissasi, pāpuṇissasi
19.0%
⏮🤘⨀ or ⏮🤟⨀
vasi, paṭimasi, anumasi, parāmasi, āmasi
2.3%
a sandhi join, to be split
tvamasi, gantumicchasi, payātumicchasi, laṅghetumicchasi, yassicchasi
2.1%
⏭🤘⨀ or ▶️🤘⨀
dassasi, dakkhasi, checchasi, nessasi
1.0%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.1%

-amhi 1,783 words end so, 0.6 in every thousand 82% of them classed see also -asmiṁ
🚹⨀⑦
saggamhi, kappamhi, lokanāthamhi, himavantamhi, lokamhi
30.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑦
tamhi, imamhi, yamhi, namhi, sabbamhi
22.8%
🚻⨀⑦
tiṁsakappasahassamhi, kappasatasahassamhi, ñāṇamhi, araññamhi, nirayamhi
22.2%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
paramhi, sappaṭighamhi, anidassanamhi, satasahassamhi, etadaggamhi
10.0%
a past participle (-ta)
anāgatamhi, payātamhi, padinnamhi, vuttamhi, vuṭṭhamhi
4.9%
a sandhi join, to be split
camhi, balavamhi, yāyamhi, vatamhi, ahamhi
3.5%
a number
satasahassamhi, ekamhi, catutthamhi, chattiṁsamhi, dvādasamhi
2.6%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
nibbattamānamhi, vattamānamhi, desiyamānamhi, ḍayhamānamhi, vilumpamānamhi
2.4%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.4%

-eyyāsi, -eyyāmi 442 words end so, 0.2 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -eyya, -eyyaṁ, -etha
⏯🤘⨀
jāneyyāsi, bhāveyyāsi, byākareyyāsi, vadeyyāsi, passeyyāsi
99.1%
⏯👆⨀
kareyyāmi, āroceyyāmi, pahiṇeyyāmi
0.9%

Words that end in …ī

Section titled “Words that end in …ī”

-ī 40,203 words end so, 14.6 in every thousand 70% of them classed
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
ātāpī, lābhī, dukkhanirodhagāminī, dhammānupassī, ācayagāmī
44.3%
🚺⨀① or ⓪; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
bhikkhunī, veramaṇī, anāgāmī, itthī, pathavī
16.7%
🚹⨀① or ⓪; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
cakkavattī, udāyī, medhāvī, gihī, jhāyī
15.2%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
vijjatī, viharatī, pabhāsatī, upapajjatī, viharantī
11.1%
⏮🤟⨀
vasī, udapādī, nandī, jhāyī, nadī
3.6%
🚹⨂① or ② or ⓪
licchavī, ñātī, atthī, jhāyī, munī
3.2%
🚺⨂① or ② or ⓪
itthī, hirī, iddhī, bhūrī, nandī
2.9%
a particle or adverb
tuṇhī, sabbadhī, āvī, dhī, katthacī
1.2%
a verb form the table does not list
natthī, ramatī, bhuñjasī, patthayasī, maññatī
0.9%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.0%

Words that end in …u

Section titled “Words that end in …u”

-u 24,513 words end so, 8.9 in every thousand 98% of them classed
🚹⨀① or ⓪
bhikkhu, sādhu, dīghāvu, garu, samantacakkhu
45.8%
a particle or adverb
nu, nanu, sādhu, udāhu, khalu
22.4%
🚻⨀① or ⓪
vatthu, cakkhu, sādhu, tadahu, āyu
12.3%
a sandhi join, to be split
evamāhaṁsu, kudāssu, yatthassu, evamassu, apissu
4.7%
a verb form the table does not list
ahu, assu, akaṁsu, adhibhaṁsu, avekkhassu
2.9%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
bahu, anabhijjhālu, abhijjhālu, puthu, mudu
2.7%
a number
chasu, pañcasu, sattasu, dasasu, aṭṭhasu
2.1%
⏮🤟⨂
akaṁsu, aṭṭhaṁsu, agamaṁsu, addasaṁsu, adaṁsu
1.9%
⏮🤟⨀
ahu, pāturahu, nāhu
1.3%
🚹 a form its table does not list
gotrabhu, sabbaññu, bhūnahu, vedagu, mittaddu
0.7%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
satthu, daṭṭhu
0.6%
⏯🤟⨂
assu, nāssu, bhuñjeyyu, phuseyyu, siyaṁsu
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
2.1%

-esu, -īsu, -ūsu, -āsu 14,131 words end so, 5.1 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -ehi, -ānaṁ
🚹⨂⑦
dhammesu, kāmesu, manussesu, kusalesu, devesu
40.1%
🚻⨂⑦
kusalesu, indriyesu, sikkhāpadesu, sīlesu, rūpesu
16.6%
🚺⨂⑦
vedanāsu, bhūmīsu, āpadāsu, parisāsu, āpattīsu
11.2%
a number
dvīsu, catūsu, tīsu, duvesu, aṭṭhārasesu
9.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
vedanāsu, aṇumattesu, paccantimesu, manāpiyesu, cakkhuviññeyyesu
8.9%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂⑦
tesu, imesu, sabbesu, tāsu, etesu
6.1%
a past participle (-ta)
ananussutesu, uparuddhesu, sattesu, bhaggesu, paccuppannesu
3.7%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
bhāviyamānesu, santesu, ḍayhamānesu, parivattantesu, bhaññamānesu
1.2%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
vajjesu, rajanīyesu, sakkesu, upādāniyesu, sacchikaraṇīyesu
1.1%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
phāsu, aphāsu
0.9%
a particle or adverb
phāsu, tadāsu
0.7%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.0%

-tu, -ntu 12,028 words end so, 4.4 in every thousand 80% of them classed
a particle or adverb
hetu, samannāgamanahetu, kāmahetu, jātu, cīvarahetu
23.9%
🚺⨀① or ⓪
dhātu, āpodhātu, dhammadhātu, manoviññāṇadhātu, cakkhudhātu
23.6%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
hetu, ajātasattu, jantu, utu, takkahetu
21.3%
⏹🤟⨀
suṇātu, hotu, dhāretu, desetu, tiṭṭhatu
19.5%
⏹🤟⨂
uddisantu, hontu, āgacchantu, suṇantu, haññantu
8.6%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
bhattu, pitu, sattu, sakapitu, dhātu
1.5%
a verb form the table does not list
suṇātu, kurutu, hotu, tiṭṭhatu, tiṭṭhantu
0.6%
🚺⨀④ or ⑥
mātu, bodhisattamātu, janikāmātu, sakamātu, migāramātu
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.5%

-iṁsu 2,287 words end so, 0.8 in every thousand 96% of them classed see also -uṁ
⏮🤟⨂
tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, nisīdiṁsu, sammodiṁsu, bhuñjiṁsu, parimucciṁsu
92.7%
a particle or adverb
kiṁsu
5.2%
a verb form the table does not list
pakkamiṁsu, abhaviṁsu, abhuñjiṁsu
2.1%

Words that end in …ū

Section titled “Words that end in …ū”

-ū 10,664 words end so, 3.9 in every thousand 91% of them classed
🚹⨂① or ② or ⓪
bhikkhū, hetū, bahū, sādhū, kusalahetū
76.1%
🚹⨀① or ⓪; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
viññū, lokavidū, pāragū, vedagū, sabbaññū
9.5%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
bahū, puthū, mattaññū, rattaññū, vadaññū
8.7%
a verb form the table does not list
bhikkhū, vidū, assū, bandhū, jaññū
2.3%
🚻⨂① or ② or ⓪
sādhū, ahū, vatthū, massū, chejjavatthū
1.3%
🚺⨂① or ② or ⓪
dhātū, vāyodhātū, bhīrū, kāmadhātū, jambū
1.3%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

Words that end in …e

Section titled “Words that end in …e”

-e 179,514 words end so, 65.1 in every thousand 92% of them classed
🚹⨀⑦; ⨂②
khandhe, samaye, loke, dhamme, paṭisandhikkhaṇe
23.3%
🚹⨂⓪
bhikkhave, have, bandhave, pasave, sindhave
16.1%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
ye, te, ime, katame, sabbe
13.1%
🚻⨀⑦; ⨂②
ārammaṇe, anantare, jetavane, indriye, jhāne
12.8%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀② or ③ or ④ or ⑤ or ⑥
me
4.2%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
apariyāpanne, rūpāvacare, arūpāvacare, sadevake, aneke
3.9%
a number
dve, te, duve, ekattiṁse, catutthe
3.7%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀② or ③ or ④ or ⑥; ⨂① or ②
te
3.5%
a particle or adverb
sace, ce, re, ve, ajjatagge
3.2%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀② or ③ or ④ or ⑥
me, te
3.2%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
vattabbe, pahātabbe, phoṭṭhabbe, ramme, veditabbe
2.3%
🚹 a form its table does not list
dve
2.3%
⏯👆⨀ or ⏯🤘⨀ or ⏯🤟⨀
kappe, care, maññe, upanissaye, bhave
2.0%
🚺⨀⓪
santike, pubbe, āsevane, ayye, visākhe
1.4%
a sandhi join, to be split
pañcime, cattārome, tañce, tadahuposathe, dveme
1.3%
a past participle (-ta)
pahīne, buddhe, parisuddhe, hīne, samudāciṇṇe
1.0%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂①
ime, sabbe, aññe, apare, pare
0.6%
🚹⨂②
khandhe, brāhmaṇagahapatike, candimasūriye, kusale, mittāmacce
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.6%

-te 23,279 words end so, 8.4 in every thousand 80% of them classed
a past participle (-ta)
avigate, sampayutte, vutte, vippayutte, vigate
44.7%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
novigate, sahajāte, purejāte, pacchājāte, uddhaccasahagate
21.2%
🚻⨀⑦; ⨂②
mahābhūte, citte, vutte, ekatte, jīvite
11.9%
🚹⨀⑦; ⨂②
citte, satte, tathāgate, sugate, pabbate
8.2%
a verb form the table does not list
labhate, vuccate, kurute, jāyate, bhāsate
4.2%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
ete, nete
2.7%
⏯👆⨀ or ⏯🤘⨀ or ⏯🤟⨀
pavatte, nibbatte, vatte, cete, abhinibbatte
1.3%
🚹⨂②
mahābhūte, tusite, sabbāmitte, ñātimitte, sabbasatte
1.3%
🚻⨂②
mahābhūte
1.2%
🚺⨀⓪
devate, citte, nandamāte, mitte, sute
1.2%
a sandhi join, to be split
hete, etthete, sabbete, iccete, panete
0.9%
🚹⨀⓪
satte, pavatte, katte, aviññāte, ñāte
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.5%

-nte 11,061 words end so, 4 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -nto, -ntā, -ntaṁ
🚹⨀⓪; ⨂⓪
bhante
83.7%
a verb form the table does not list
viharante, chindante, bhante, āgacchante, caṅkamante
3.6%
🚹⨀⑦; ⨂②
āyasmante, ante, aparante, pubbante, pubbantāparante
3.3%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
karonte, sante, vassante, asante, tāḷente
3.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
sīlavante, mahante, acirapakkante, āpattipariyante, rattipariyante
1.9%
🚹⨀⓪
bhadante, bhaddante, mante, tante
1.5%
a past participle (-ta)
bhante, abhikkante, nikkhante, sante, paṭikkante
1.3%
🚻⨀⑦; ⨂②
paṭikkante, abhikkante, nāgadante, dasāhātikkante, dasāhānatikkante
0.5%
▶️🤟⨂
sante
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.7%

-māne 953 words end so, 0.3 in every thousand 98% of them classed see also -māno, -mānā
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
cavamāne, upapajjamāne, vattamāne, bhaññamāne, kayiramāne
87.5%
🚻⨀⑦; ⨂②
vattamāne, vimāne
8.8%
🚹⨀⑦; ⨂②
atimāne, vimāne, adhimāne, sammāne
2.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
samāne, nihatamāne
1.0%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.4%

Words that end in …o

Section titled “Words that end in …o”

-o 332,365 words end so, 120.5 in every thousand 94% of them classed
🚹⨀①
dhammo, paccayo, puggalo, saṁgho, puriso
43.1%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
eko, akusalo, sampajāno, sahetuko, niranusayo
15.5%
a particle or adverb
kho, āvuso, no, so, yoniso
14.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀①
so, yo, katamo, ko, aññataro
8.6%
a past participle (-ta)
nisinno, pahīno, buddho, ṭhito, sampayutto
7.4%
a number
tayo, cattāro, catasso, tisso, paṭhamo
2.9%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂② or ③ or ④ or ⑥
no, vo
2.7%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
abhiññeyyo, abhabbo, karaṇīyo, bhabbo, pāsaṁso
0.8%
🚹⨀① or ⓪
bho
0.7%
a sandhi join, to be split
panāvuso, idhāvuso, meso, evamāvuso, vuccatāvuso
0.6%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
rañño, attano, bhoto, kāsirañño, kosalarañño
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
2.5%

-ato, -to 37,053 words end so, 13.4 in every thousand 96% of them classed see also -asmā
a past participle (-ta)
samannāgato, abyākato, paṭivirato, gato, aniyato
20.7%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
sato, anattato, mahato, uddhaccasahagato, sassato
15.0%
🚹⨀④ or ⑤ or ⑥
bhagavato, āyasmato, pāpimato, sutavato, cakkhumato
14.3%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑤
tato, yato, sato, parato, aññato
13.5%
🚻⨀⑤
aniccato, dukkhato, purato, ekato, cittato
8.4%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
viharato, passato, sato, jānato, bhāvayato
8.2%
🚹⨀⑤; ⨂⑤
kāyato, arahato, cittato, vipākato, khandhato
7.2%
🚹⨀①
tathāgato, sugato, kālaṅkato, pabbato, revato
6.7%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
arahato, sato, bhavato
1.8%
🚺⨀⑤
vācato, mato, sevato, nāsato, cittato
1.7%
a particle or adverb
tato, ubhato, heṭṭhato, dukkhato, thūpakato
1.5%
a sandhi join, to be split
yassāyasmato, panāyasmato, bhayamantarato, tassuttarato, kenassubbhāhato
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.4%

-āyo, -iyo 14,037 words end so, 5.1 in every thousand 90% of them classed
🚺⨂① or ② or ⓪
bhikkhuniyo, āpattiyo, gāthāyo, jātiyo, itthiyo
47.5%
🚹⨀①
ariyo, kāyo, khattiyo, piyo, pariyāyo
26.6%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
tatiyo, lokiyo, acchariyo, dvemāsappaṭicchannāyo, passaddhakāyo
16.6%
a number
tatiyo, dutiyo, asītikoṭiyo, koṭiyo
2.7%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
upādāniyo, avandiyo, ganthaniyo, nīvaraṇiyo, sakkāyo
2.6%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂① or ②
kāyo, tāyo, imāyo, sabbāyo, etāyo
2.5%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
upanighaṁsantiyo, pariggaṇhantiyo, vosāsantiyo, savantiyo, apassantiyo
0.6%
a past participle (-ta)
paṭicchannāyo, appaṭicchannāyo, gaṇitāyo, pariggahitāyo, upasampannāyo
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.3%

-nto 8,506 words end so, 3.1 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -ntā, -ntaṁ, -nte
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
santo, passanto, viharanto, bhāvento, karonto
58.4%
🚹⨀①; ⨂① or ⓪
arahanto, āyasmanto, bhagavanto, santo, cakkhumanto
9.8%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto, evamāyupariyanto, ananto, sīlavanto, vaṇṇavanto
9.4%
🚹⨀①
anto, sammākammanto, kūṭadanto, micchākammanto, danto
8.4%
a past participle (-ta)
nikkhanto, santo, pakkanto, vūpasanto, samatikkanto
6.9%
🚹⨂① or ⓪
bhonto, bhavanto
5.3%
a sandhi join, to be split
esevanto, panāyasmanto, māyasmanto, parisuddhetthāyasmanto, tenahāyasmanto
1.2%
🚹⨂①
santo, bhonto, bhavanto
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.1%

-ino, -uno 8,034 words end so, 2.9 in every thousand 93% of them classed see also -assa, -issa
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
bhikkhuno, satthuno, brahmuno, maccuno, mahesino
42.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
evaṁvādino, tādino, ātāpino, evaṁdiṭṭhino, atthatakathino
36.5%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥; ⨂① or ② or ⓪
arūpino, sukhino, mahesino, kāmabhogino, yasassino
16.1%
🚹⨀①
jino, mahākappino, moḷiyaphagguno, phagguno, mahāsupino
2.0%
🚻⨀④ or ⑥
munino, āyuno, asucino, kammuno, cakkhuno
1.1%
a past participle (-ta)
jino
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.4%

-tabbo, -anīyo 5,270 words end so, 1.9 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -tabbaṁ, -tabbā
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
pahātabbo, vattabbo, dātabbo, veditabbo, kātabbo
97.3%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
apāyagamanīyo, manobhāvanīyo, paṇḍitavedanīyo, sukhavedanīyo, dukkhavedanīyo
2.7%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.0%

-māno 4,536 words end so, 1.6 in every thousand 96% of them classed see also -mānā, -māne
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
samāno, vadamāno, ākaṅkhamāno, caramāno, paccavekkhamāno
83.1%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
samāno, nimmāno, pahīnamāno, pathavāpaggisamāno, jaḷasamāno
13.9%
🚹⨀①
atimāno, asmimāno, omāno, mānātimāno, uggāhamāno
2.8%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.2%

-aso 2,852 words end so, 1 in every thousand 95% of them classed see also -asā, -asi
a particle or adverb
sabbaso, antamaso, ṭhānaso, anubyañjanaso, suttaso
40.6%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
cetaso, mahāyaso, oraso, vimuttiraso, analaso
23.0%
🚹⨀④ or ⑥
cetaso, manaso, ayaso, vāyaso, chandaso
18.1%
🚹⨀①
yaso, divaso, raso, dhammaraso, attharaso
14.3%
🚹⨀① or ②
yaso, raso, yasāyaso, ayaso
3.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.5%

Words that end in …ṁ

Section titled “Words that end in …ṁ”

-aṁ 426,401 words end so, 154.6 in every thousand 94% of them classed
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
rūpaṁ, ekaṁ, cittaṁ, dukkhaṁ, ñāṇaṁ
26.0%
🚹⨀②
dhammaṁ, cittaṁ, khandhaṁ, maggaṁ, lokaṁ
18.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
yathābhūtaṁ, paraṁ, ajjhattaṁ, sahajātaṁ, purejātaṁ
11.3%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀① or ②
taṁ, yaṁ, idaṁ, tvaṁ, imaṁ
8.6%
a past participle (-ta)
saṁkhittaṁ, kataṁ, niṭṭhitaṁ, uppannaṁ, abyākataṁ
7.1%
a sandhi join, to be split
hevaṁ, etamatthaṁ, caparaṁ, yadidaṁ, evamevaṁ
5.0%
a particle or adverb
evaṁ, yaṁ, itthaṁ, idaṁ, sudaṁ
4.5%
a number
ekaṁ, paṭhamaṁ, catutthaṁ, dvinnaṁ, catunnaṁ
4.2%
🚺⨀②
kathaṁ, vedanaṁ, paṭhamaṁ, dhammaṁ, vācaṁ
3.6%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨂④ or ⑥
tesaṁ, imesaṁ, sabbesaṁ, itaresaṁ, tāsaṁ
3.4%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀①
ayaṁ, ahaṁ
2.8%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀②
taṁ, maṁ, imaṁ, kiñcanaṁ, naṁ
1.5%
a verb form the table does not list
netaṁ, sayaṁ, ussukkaṁ, veraṁ, etadavocaṁ
1.0%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
sayaṁ, passaṁ, sataṁ, passambhayaṁ, phalaṁ
0.5%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
daṭṭhabbaṁ, karaṇīyaṁ, sāraṇīyaṁ, vatthabbaṁ, pāṭikaṅkhaṁ
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
1.8%

-ānaṁ, -īnaṁ, -ūnaṁ 62,857 words end so, 22.8 in every thousand 93% of them classed see also -ehi, -esu
🚹⨂④ or ⑥
khandhānaṁ, bhikkhūnaṁ, dhammānaṁ, asaññasattānaṁ, devānaṁ
31.0%
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
jhānaṁ, nibbānaṁ, ṭhānaṁ, dānaṁ, sāvatthinidānaṁ
17.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
cittasamuṭṭhānaṁ, sampayuttakānaṁ, pacchimabhavikānaṁ, cittasamuṭṭhānānaṁ, dānaṁ
16.0%
🚻⨂④ or ⑥
rūpānaṁ, āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ, akusalānaṁ, pacchimānaṁ, saṁyojanānaṁ
13.1%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
upapajjantānaṁ, cavantānaṁ, jānaṁ, upapajjantīnaṁ, ujjhāyantānaṁ
8.0%
a past participle (-ta)
appasannānaṁ, pahīnaṁ, sattānaṁ, hīnaṁ, attānaṁ
4.5%
🚺⨂④ or ⑥
bhikkhunīnaṁ, mānaṁ, itthīnaṁ, āpattīnaṁ, vipattīnaṁ
4.1%
🚹⨀②; ⨂④ or ⑥
attānaṁ, rājānaṁ, addhānaṁ, brahmānaṁ, mahārājānaṁ
2.0%
a sandhi join, to be split
tassuddānaṁ, abhikkamosānaṁ, paṭikkamosānaṁ, yadāyasmantānaṁ, tadamariyānaṁ
1.3%
a particle or adverb
tatonidānaṁ, anāgatamaddhānaṁ, atītamaddhānaṁ, nānaṁ, jānaṁ
1.0%
🚹⨀②
attānaṁ, mahāmoggallānaṁ, mahākaccānaṁ, vimānaṁ, satipaṭṭhānaṁ
0.9%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.9%

-iṁ 29,202 words end so, 10.6 in every thousand 95% of them classed
🚺⨀②
āpattiṁ, duggatiṁ, diṭṭhiṁ, rattiṁ, samāpattiṁ
37.5%
⏮👆⨀
ahosiṁ, āpajjiṁ, uttariṁ, abbhaññāsiṁ, pabbajiṁ
13.3%
🚹⨀②
dhammiṁ, añjaliṁ, apacayagāmiṁ, samādhiṁ, gahapatiṁ
10.5%
a particle or adverb
saddhiṁ, kiṁ, tahiṁ, sakiṁ, kuhiṁ
9.9%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
sugatiṁ, vossaggapariṇāmiṁ, paññāvimuttiṁ, cetovimuttiṁ, upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ
9.0%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀① or ②
kiṁ
7.2%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
āyatiṁ, satiṁ, santiṁ, gacchantiṁ, āyantiṁ
3.0%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑦
kismiṁ, asmiṁ, amusmiṁ
2.2%
🚻⨀⑦
vatthusmiṁ, cakkhusmiṁ, kapilavatthusmiṁ, āyusmiṁ, asucismiṁ
2.1%
🚹⨀⑦
samādhismiṁ, kīṭāgirismiṁ, mātukucchismiṁ, isigilismiṁ, dakkhiṇāgirismiṁ
1.7%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀①
kiṁ
1.1%
🚻⨀① or ②
byantiṁ, dadhiṁ, asuciṁ, suciṁ, sappiṁ
1.1%
a sandhi join, to be split
tenañjaliṁ, amutrāsiṁ, tatrāpāsiṁ, devarajjamakārayiṁ, nāpahosiṁ
0.8%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.5%

-āyaṁ, -iyaṁ 28,261 words end so, 10.2 in every thousand 95% of them classed
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
cakkhundriyaṁ, manindriyaṁ, brahmacariyaṁ, jīvitindriyaṁ, purisindriyaṁ
55.9%
🚺⨀⑦
sāvatthiyaṁ, dutiyaṁ, vesāliyaṁ, velāyaṁ, pathaviyaṁ
11.9%
🚹⨀②
ariyaṁ, kāyaṁ, dutiyaṁ, apāyaṁ, piyaṁ
7.8%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
tatiyaṁ, lokiyaṁ, yāvatatiyaṁ, vatāyaṁ, asappāyaṁ
7.1%
🚺⨀②
anagāriyaṁ, dutiyaṁ, tiriyaṁ, brahmacariyaṁ, tatiyaṁ
4.6%
a sandhi join, to be split
yvāyaṁ, cāyaṁ, panāyaṁ, myāyaṁ, khvāyaṁ
3.6%
a number
tatiyaṁ, dutiyaṁ, aṭṭhamiyaṁ, navamiyaṁ, catutthiyaṁ
3.1%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑦
kāyaṁ, tāyaṁ, yāyaṁ, nāyaṁ, sāyaṁ
2.6%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
nissaggiyaṁ, asaṅkhiyaṁ, akappiyaṁ, appaṭivattiyaṁ, kappiyaṁ
2.2%
a verb form the table does not list
apāyaṁ, vāyaṁ, sajjhāyaṁ, jhāyaṁ, mamāyaṁ
0.5%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.6%

-ntaṁ 11,207 words end so, 4.1 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -nto, -ntā, -nte
🚹⨀②
bhagavantaṁ, āyasmantaṁ, bhavantaṁ, dukkhassantaṁ, antaṁ
44.5%
a particle or adverb
ekamantaṁ, yathābhirantaṁ
25.5%
a verb form the table does not list
viharantaṁ, āgacchantaṁ, gacchantaṁ, bhavantaṁ, carantaṁ
9.4%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
mahantaṁ, sabbāvantaṁ, anantaṁ, rūpavantaṁ, viññāṇavantaṁ
9.4%
a present participle (-anta, -māna)
santaṁ, asantaṁ, bhavantaṁ, gacchantaṁ, akarontaṁ
5.1%
a past participle (-ta)
abhikkantaṁ, vūpasantaṁ, vītikkantaṁ, santaṁ, nikkhantaṁ
4.5%
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
abhikkantaṁ, accantaṁ, paṭikkantaṁ, suttantaṁ, kammantaṁ
1.4%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.2%

-uṁ 10,503 words end so, 3.8 in every thousand 97% of them classed see also -iṁsu
⏮🤟⨂
ārocesuṁ, etadavocuṁ, ahesuṁ, paccassosuṁ, assosuṁ
34.8%
🚻⨀① or ②
vatthuṁ, cakkhuṁ, kesamassuṁ, dhammacakkhuṁ, dibbacakkhuṁ
26.6%
🚹⨀②
garuṁ, bhikkhuṁ, phāsuṁ, aṇuṁ, pāraguṁ
24.5%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
bahuṁ, ujuṁ, lahuṁ, vagguṁ, muduṁ
6.4%
a verb form the table does not list
ahesuṁ, assosuṁ, āsuṁ, amaññaruṁ, karuṁ
1.9%
an infinitive (-tuṁ)
vatthuṁ, abhihaṭṭhuṁ, daṭṭhuṁ, phuṭṭhuṁ, puṭṭhuṁ
1.6%
🚺⨀②
yāguṁ, cīvararajjuṁ, aṅgārakāsuṁ, ūruṁ, kāsuṁ
1.1%
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀②
amuṁ
0.9%
⏮👆⨀ or ⏮🤟⨂
ahuṁ, pāturahuṁ
0.7%
↩️🤟⨂
āguṁ, addakkhuṁ, acchiduṁ, nājjhagamuṁ, dukkhamaccaguṁ
0.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.9%

-tabbaṁ, -anīyaṁ 9,485 words end so, 3.4 in every thousand 96% of them classed see also -tabbo, -tabbā
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
vattabbaṁ, pahātabbaṁ, kātabbaṁ, vitthāretabbaṁ, gaṇetabbaṁ
89.0%
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
bhojanīyaṁ, kātabbaṁ, paccanīyaṁ, khādanīyaṁ, paribhojanīyaṁ
8.9%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṁ, savacanīyaṁ, sukhavedanīyaṁ, dukkhavedanīyaṁ, apāyagamanīyaṁ
2.1%

-asmiṁ 7,677 words end so, 2.8 in every thousand 99% of them classed see also -amhi
*️⃣ a pronoun ⨀⑦
tasmiṁ, yasmiṁ, imasmiṁ, etasmiṁ, aññatarasmiṁ
72.6%
🚹⨀⑦
lokasmiṁ, kāyasmiṁ, puggalasmiṁ, manasmiṁ, sirasmiṁ
14.1%
🚻⨀⑦
rūpasmiṁ, viññāṇasmiṁ, sīlasmiṁ, nāmarūpasmiṁ, bhattasmiṁ
8.7%
a past participle (-ta)
vimuttasmiṁ, atītasmiṁ, apāhatasmiṁ, ubbhatasmiṁ, hīnasmiṁ
2.0%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
amukasmiṁ, asukasmiṁ, sadevakasmiṁ, manasmiṁ, ayāthāvakasmiṁ
1.9%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.9%

-tuṁ 6,586 words end so, 2.4 in every thousand 76% of them classed
an infinitive (-tuṁ)
kātuṁ, pahātuṁ, dātuṁ, viharituṁ, samanupassituṁ
65.3%
🚹⨀②
hetuṁ, utuṁ, ajātasattuṁ, setuṁ, jantuṁ
18.3%
🚺⨀②
rūpadhātuṁ, arūpadhātuṁ, kāmadhātuṁ, āpodhātuṁ, tejodhātuṁ
11.0%
a particle or adverb
tikkhattuṁ, sahassakkhattuṁ, sattakkhattuṁ, chattiṁsakkhattuṁ, catukkhattuṁ
4.6%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.8%

-eyyaṁ, -eyyuṁ 4,785 words end so, 1.7 in every thousand 95% of them classed see also -eyya, -eyyāsi, -etha
⏯🤟⨂
vadeyyuṁ, uppajjeyyuṁ, anvāssaveyyuṁ, puccheyyuṁ, kareyyuṁ
33.7%
a verb form the table does not list
seyyaṁ, pajāneyyaṁ, neyyaṁ, deseyyaṁ, kareyyaṁ
30.5%
🚻⨀① or ② or ⓪
abhiññeyyaṁ, sāṭheyyaṁ, seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṁ, kāyamoneyyaṁ, vacīmoneyyaṁ
13.7%
a participle in -tabba, -anīya, -ya
abhiññeyyaṁ, viññeyyaṁ, pariññeyyaṁ, geyyaṁ, ñāteyyaṁ
11.7%
an adjective, agreeing with its noun
cakkhuviññeyyaṁ, saddhādeyyaṁ, maṇḍapeyyaṁ, dassaneyyaṁ, sotaviññeyyaṁ
4.6%
🚺⨀②
sahaseyyaṁ, seyyaṁ, sīhaseyyaṁ, gabbhaseyyaṁ, nīcaseyyaṁ
2.6%
⏯👆⨀
byākareyyaṁ, paṭikareyyaṁ, nappaṭikareyyaṁ, abhisaṅkhareyyaṁ, pātukareyyaṁ
1.8%
🚹⨀②
nāmadheyyaṁ, dakkhiṇeyyaṁ, theyyaṁ, venateyyaṁ, bhāgineyyaṁ
1.3%
other readings, each under 0.5%
0.0%