L: `sabbanāma` (Pronouns)

Info

Part of “A Beginner (Non-Linguist) Guide to Learning Pali”

Kinds of sabbanāma

1. Personal pronoun (puggalanāmaṃ).
2. Demonstrative pronoun (nidassananāmaṃ).
3. Relative pronoun (anvayīnāmaṃ).
4. Interrogative pronoun (pucchānāmaṃ).
5. Indefinite pronoun (anīyamanāmaṃ).
6. Possessive pronoun

List of sabbanāma

no	sabbanāma	meaning
1	sabba	“all”
2	katara	“which [of two]?”
3	katama	“which [of many]?”
4	ubbaya	“both”
5	itara	“other [of two]”
6	añña	“other [of many]”
7	aññatara	“other [of many]”
8	aññatama	“a certain [of two]”
9	pubba	“former”
10	para	“another”
11	apara	“another”
12	dakkhiṇa	“right,” “south”
13	uttara	“upper,” “north,” “more than”
14	adhara	“lower”
15	ya	“who,” “what”
16	ta	“he,” “that”
17	eta	“this”
18	ima	“this”
19	amu	“that”
20	kiṃ	“what?”, “why?”
21	eka	“one”
22	ubha	“both”
23	dvi	“two”
24	ti	“three”
25	catu	“four”
26	tumha	“you”
27	amha	“I,” “we”

ma(d), mam

This is used as the pronoun for uttama purisa (in English, “1st” person)

vibhatti	⨀	⨂
①	ahaṃ (amhi, asmi, mhi)	amhā, amhe, mayaṃ, mayhaṃ, no, vayaṃ
②	maṃ, mamaṃ, mayhaṃ, mām-, me	amhākaṃ, amhe, asmākaṃ, asme, no
③	mayā, me	amhebhi, amhehi, asmāhi, asmābhi, no
⑤	mamato, mayā, me	amhebhi, amhehi, asmāhi, asmābhi, no
④⑥	amhaṃ, mama(ṃ), mamā, maṃ, mayha(ṃ), me	amhaṃ, amhāka(ṃ), asmākaṃ, no (ne)
⑦	mayi, me	amhesu, asmāsu, asmesu

ta(d)

This is used as the pronoun for majjima purisa (in English, “2nd” person)

vibhatti	⨀	⨂
①	taṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ	tumhe, vo
②	taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ, tyaṃ, te	tumhākaṃ, tumhe, vaṃ, ve, vo
③	tayā, te, tvāya	tumhebhi, tumhehi, vaṃ, ve, vo
⑤	tayā, te, tvāya	tumhebhi, tumhehi
④⑥	tava(ṃ), tayā, te, tumhaṃ, tuyha(ṃ)	tumhaṃ, tumhāka(ṃ), tuyhaṃ (possibly), vaṃ, ve, vo
⑦	tayi, tvayi	tumhesu

This is used as the pronoun for paṭhama purisa (in English, “3rd” person)

⨀ ekavacana

vibhatti	🚹	🚻	🚺
①	sa, se, so, sū	tad-, tadaṃ, taṃ (naṃ), se	sā
②	taṃ (naṃ), te	tad-, taṃ (naṃ), se	taṃ
③	tena (nena)	tena (nena)	tāya (nāya)
⑤	tamhā, tasmā (nasmā), tato, tāto	tamhā, tasmā (nasmā), tato, tāto	tāya (nāya)
④⑥	asmā, assa, tassa (nassa), tāya (④)	asmā, assa, tassa (nassa), tāya (④)	assā, tassā (nassā), tassāya (nassāya), tāya, tissā, tissāya
⑦	asmiṃ, tamhi, tamhī, tasmiṃ (nasmiṃ)	asmiṃ, tamhi, tamhī, tasmiṃ (nasmiṃ)	assaṃ, tassaṃ, tāsaṃ (nassaṃ), tāya(ṃ) (nāyaṃ), tissaṃ

⨂ bahuvacana

vibhatti	🚹	🚻	🚺
①	te (ne)	tāni	tā, tāyo
②	te (ne)	tāni	tā (nā), tāyo
③	tebhi, tehi (nehi)	tebhi, tehi (nehi)	tābhi, tāhi (nāhi)
⑤	tebhi, tehi (nehi)	tebhi, tehi (nehi)	tābhi, tāhi (nāhi)
④⑥	tesaṃ (nesaṃ), tesānaṃ	tesaṃ (nesaṃ), tesānaṃ	tāsaṃ (nāsaṃ), tāsānaṃ, sānaṃ
⑦	tesu (nesu)	tesu (nesu)	tāsu (nāsu)