10.8: The `uṇādi` words worth knowing

The affixes of section 10.7 make words by the hundred. Those here each go after a few named roots, and Kaccāyana lists the words one by one: tha after the root samu gives samatho (“calm”) {628}, īvara after ci gives cīvaraṁ (“a robe”) {668}, tu after hi gives hetu (“a cause”) {671}. Nothing in the shape of hetu says it is √hi + tu: there is no pattern to learn, only words to know, many of them on every page of the texts.

When you meet one, the question is not “which affix?” but “is this a word to look up?”. The dictionary gives the root and the affix, sometimes cut differently from Kaccāyana (attho is √ar + tha there), and the rule number leads to Kaccāyana’s account, usually a short sentence on the root’s meaning: samatho, “it calms”.

Words worth knowing

Mostly from the texts of chapters 3, 7, 9 and the bonus chapter.

word	meaning	root + affix	rule
`attā`	the self	`√ada` + `mana`, `t` for `m`	{627}
`khemo`	safety	`√khi` + `mana`	{627}
`samatho`	calm	`√samu` + `tha`	{628}
`gehaṁ`	a house	`√gaha` + `a`, `a` → `e`	{629}
`saddhā`	faith	`saṁ` + `√dhā` + `a`	{638}
`vijjā`	knowledge	`√vida` + `ṇya`	{638}
`saccaṁ`	truth	`√sata` + `ya`	{638}
`buddho`	the Awakened One	`√budha` + `tta`	{643}
`cittaṁ`	the mind	`√citi` + `ta`	{656}
`ratti`	night	`√ranja` + `tti`	{658}
`attho`	meaning	`√asa` + `tha`, `asa` → `at`	{660}
`khandho`	an aggregate	`√khāda` → `khandha`	{664}
`kusalaṁ`	wholesome	`√kusa` + `ala`	{665}
`cīvaraṁ`	a robe	`√ci` + `īvara`	{668}
`hetu`	a cause	`√hi` + `tu`	{671}
`dhātu`	an element	`√dhā` + `tu`	{671}
`dhammo`	the teaching	`√dhara` + `ramma`	{531}
`bhikkhu`	a monk	`√bhikkha` + `rū`	{535}

dhammo and bhikkhu, the commonest nouns of all, come from the kita chapter (Appendix J); loko and maggo have no row, since Kaccāyana names neither.

The rest of the group

Appendix K tables the other rules with every word Kaccāyana cites.

rules	affixes, and the words they form
{630}, {631}	`cchara`, `cchariya`: `maccharo` (stingy), `acchariyaṁ` (a marvel)
{632}, {633}, {634}	`la`, `ya`, `yāṇa`, `lāṇa`: `sallaṁ` (a dart), `kalyāṇaṁ` (good)
{638}	more words taken as they stand: `pabbajjā` (the going forth), `icchā` (a wish)
{644}, {645}, {646}	`thu`: `vamathu` (vomit); `āni` in reproach: `agamāni` (no going); `kkhattuṁ`: `tikkhattuṁ` (three times)
{647}, {648}, {649}	shapes of `suna` (a dog), `taruṇa` (young), `yuva` (a youth): `soṇo`, `susu`, `yuvā`
{656}, {657}, {658}	`ta`, `ṇitta`, `tti`, `ti`: `chattaṁ` (a parasol), `cārittaṁ` (conduct), `metti` (goodwill)
{659}, {660}, {661}	`ṭha`, `tha`, `da`, `ka`: `raṭṭhaṁ` (a country), `vatthaṁ` (cloth), `soko` (grief)
{662}, {663}, {664}	`heraṇ`, `ka`, `andha`, `gandha`: `pāṭiheraṁ` (a marvel), `daṇḍo` (a staff), `andho` (blind)
{665}, {666}, {667}	`puthu`, `patha` for `putha`: `pathavī` (the earth), `puthujjano` (an ordinary person); `tu`: `sattu` (an enemy)
{669}, {670}	`i`, `ūra`: `muni` (a sage), `dūro` (far), `mayūro` (a peacock)
{672}, {673}	`ṭha`, `ussa`, `isa`: `kaṭṭhaṁ` (wood), `manusso` (a human being), `puriso` (a man)