A: Symbols and Glossary of Pali technical terms
| symbol | meaning | explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 🚹 | pulliṅga | major (masculine) gender |
| 🚻 | napuṁsakaliṅga | special (neuter) gender |
| 🚺 | itthiliṅga | minor (feminine) gender |
| ⨀ | ekavacana | singular |
| ⨂ | bahuvacana | plural |
| 🟢 | parassapada, kattu | active voice |
| 🔵 | attanopada, bhāva | middle voice - impersonal |
| 🔴 | kamma | passive voice |
| 🟠 | kārita | causative |
| 🤟 | paṭhama purisa | first person, equivalent to ‘third person’ in English |
| 🤘 | majjima purisa | middle person, equivalent to ‘second person’ in English |
| 👆 | uttama purisa | primary person, equivalent to ‘first person’ in English |
| ⓪ | ālapana | vocative |
| ① | paṭhamā | first case (nominative) |
| ② | dutiyā | second case (accusative) |
| ③ | tatiyā | third case (instrumental) |
| ④ | catutthī | fourth case (dative) |
| ⑤ | pañcamī | fifth case (ablative) |
| ⑥ | chaṭṭhī | sixth case (genitive) |
| ⑦ | sattamī | seventh case (locative) |
| ⏏️ | nipāta | particle |
| 🔼 | upasagga | prefix |
| 🆎 | samāsa | compound noun |
| 🔽 | taddhita | affix |
| *️⃣ | sabbanāma | pronoun |
| ▶️ | vattamāna | present |
| ⏹ | piñcamī | imperative |
| ⏯ | sattamī | potential |
| 🔄 | parokkhā | perfect |
| ↩️ | hiyyattanī | imperfect |
| ⏮ | ajjatanī | aorist |
| ⏭ | bhavissanti | future |
| 🔀 | kālātipatti | conditional |
Phonological Terminology
Section titled “Phonological Terminology”dīgha : long
rassa : short
garuka : metrically long
lahuka : metrically short
sambaddha : connected utterance
vavatthita : disjoint utterance
sithila : non-aspirated stops
dhanita : aspirated stops
niggahīta : nasal
vimutta : oral
Case terminology
Section titled “Case terminology”| Symbol | English | Aṭṭhakathā |
|---|---|---|
| ① | nominative | paccatta |
| ② | accusative | upayoga |
| ③ | instrumental | karaṇa |
| ④ | dative | sampadāna |
| ⑤ | ablative | nissakka |
| ⑥ | genitive | sāmi |
| ⑦ | locative | bhumma |
| ⓪ | vocative | ālapana |
Types of nominals
Section titled “Types of nominals”- Technical Terms and Technique of the Pali and the Sanskrit Grammars, Mahesh A Deokar, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (2008)