2.1: apādāna (Ablative)

Info

Part of “A Beginner (Non-Linguist) Guide to Learning Pali”

The usage examples provided here are not exhaustive, other usages are possible.

2.1.1 Place or source {271}

• The place or source from which someone left or something originated
• The source from which fear arises
• The one from which one learns.

Example

gāmā apenti munayo

🚹⨀⑤(gāmā) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(apenti) 🚹①(munayo)) from village / depart / sages The sages depart from the village.

Exercises

Translate the following from Pali to English. Look up the words in a dictionary, perform necessary sandhi and compound word deconstruction, and take note of the vibhatti endings to deduce the meaning of the sentence.

{{< alert title=“Hint” color=“success”>}} You may find the Digital Pali Dictionary useful for looking up words, as well as doing the sandhi and compound word deconstruction. {{< /alert >}}

1. nagarā niggato rājā
2. corā bhayaṁ jāyate
3. ācariyu’pajjhāyehi sikkhaṁ gaṇhāti sisso

Answers

Note: please do the exercises first before checking the answers.

1. nagarā niggato rājā

🚻⨀⑤(nagarā) ⨀①(🔽(ta)(niggato) 🚹(rājā)) from city / departed (past participle) / king The departed king [is] from the city.

2. corā bhayaṁ jāyate

🚹⨀⑤(corā) ⨀(🚻①(bhayaṁ) 🔵🤟▶️(jāyate)) from thief / fear / arises Fear arises from the thief.

3. ācariyu’pajjhāyehi sikkhaṁ gaṇhāti sisso

🚹⨀⑤🆎(ācariya+upajjhāya) 🚺⨀②(sikkhaṁ) ⨀(🟢🤟▶️(gaṇhāti) 🚹①(sisso)) teacher and preceptor / lesson / takes / pupil The pupil takes lesson from the teacher/preceptor.

2.1.2 With various words and prefixes {272}

2.1.2.1 parā + ji

• being defeated, to lose in a fight or the struggle

buddhasmā parājenti aññatitthiyā

🚹⨀⑤(buddhasmā) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(parājenti) 🚹①(aññatitthiyā)) from Buddha / (are) defeated / (those) holding other views, heretics The heretics are defeated from (i.e. by) the Buddha.

2.1.2.2 pa + bhū

• an initial originating source of a continuous occurrence

himavatā pabhavanti pañca mahānadiyo

🚹⨀⑤(himavatā) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(pabhavanti) 🚺①(pañca mahānadiyo)) from the mount Himavantā / originate / five great rivers The five great rivers originate from the Himalayas.

2.1.2.3 From noun

This is the most common type of apādāna.

urasmā jāto putto

🚹⨀⑤(himavatā) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(jāto) putto) from chest (womb) / (was) born / the son The son was born from chest (i.e. womb).

2.1.2.4 Indeclinable affix to

This affix has an ablative sense.

ubhato sujāto putto

⏏️(ubhato) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(sujāto) putto) from both sides / well-bred, well-born / the son The son was well-bred, well-born from both sides.

2.1.2.5 From prefix

Word is used in the context of some upasagga (prefixes)

apa sālāya āyanti vāṇijā

🔼(apa) 🚺⨀⑤(sālāya) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(āyanti) 🚹①(vāṇijā)) taking off, by avoiding / from the rest house / come / the traders The traders come by skirting (avoiding) from the rest-house.

ghata’massa telasmā pati dadāti

🚹⨀②(ghataṁ) *️⃣🤟🚹⨀④(assa) 🚻⨀⑤(telasmā) 🔼(pati) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(dadāti) ghee / to that person / from sesame oil / instead of / [he] gives He gives him ghee instead of sesame oil.

2.1.2.6 Starting from …

ito pakkhasmā vijjhati migaṁ luddako

⏏️(ito) 🚹⨀⑤(pakkhasmā) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(vijjhati) 🚹⨀②(migaṁ) 🚹⨀①(luddako) from this day / from a fortnight (15 days) / shoots / deer / the hunter Starting from today within a fortnight, the hunter [will] shoot the deer.

2.1.2.7 api (exception)

The prefix api can mean “but” or “however”. Similarly, other words such as rahitā, rite, nānā, vinā with the sense of “except” can be associated with words with ⑤,② or ③ endings to convey the meaning of “except for.”

rahitā mātujā puññaṁ katvā dānaṁ deti

🚺⨀⑤(rahitā mātujā) 🚻⨀②(puññaṁ) 🔽(tvā)(katvā) 🚻⨀②(dānaṁ) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(deti) except/abandoning son / meritorious deed / having done / alms / [he] gives Having done meritorious deed without son, he gives alms.

Note the following variations (using ① or ③ case endings) are also acceptable:

rahitā mātujaṁ puññaṁ katvā dānaṁ deti rahitā mātujena puññaṁ katvā dānaṁ deti

2.1.2.8 From pronouns (sabbanāma)

yato’haṁ bhagini ariyāya jātiyā jāto

⏏️(yato) ⨀👆①(ahaṁ) 🚻⨀⓪(bhagini) ⨀(🚺⑤(ariyāya jātiyā) 🚹🔽(ta)(jāto)) since the time when / I / sister / by noble birth / [was] born Sister, since I was born (by being enlightened).

Exercises

1. anavatattamhā pabhavanti mahāsarā
2. aciravatiyā pabhavanti kunnadiyo
3. bhūmito niggato raso
4. mātito sujāto putto
5. pitito sujāto putto
6. ā brahmalokā saddo abbhuggacchati
7. upari pabbatā devo vassati
8. buddhasmā pati sāriputto dhammadesanāya bhikkhū ālapati temāsaṁ
9. uppala’massa padumasmā pati dadāti
10. kanaka’massa hiraññasmā pati dadāti
11. kosā vijjhati kuñjaraṁ
12. māsasmā bhuñjati bhojanaṁ
13. rite saddhammā kuto sukhaṁ labhati (saddhammaṁ, saddhammena)
14. te bhikkhū nānā kulā pabbajitā
15. vinā saddhammā nattha’ñño koci nātho loke vijjati (saddhammaṁ, saddhammena)
16. vinā buddhasmā nattha’ñño koci nātho loke vijjati (buddhaṁ, buddhena)
17. yato sarāmi attānaṁ
18. yato patto’smi viññutaṁ
19. yatvā’dhikaraṇa’menaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhā, domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvā’saveyyuṁ

Answers

1. anavatattamhā pabhavanti mahāsarā

🚹⨀⑤(anavatattamhā) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(pabhavanti) 🚺①(the great lakes)) from lake anavatatta / originate / king The great lakes originate from lake Anavatatta.

2. aciravatiyā pabhavanti kunnadiyo

🚹⨀⑤(aciravatiyā) ⨂(🟢🤟▶️(pabhavanti) 🚺①(kunnadiyo)) from the river Aciravatī / originate / The small creeks The small creeks originate from the river Aciravatī.

3. bhūmito niggato raso

🚺⨀⑤(bhūmito) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(niggato) raso) from earth / came out / the taste (of fruit etc.) The taste came out from the earth.

4. mātito sujāto putto

⏏️(mātito) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(sujāto) putto) from mother’s side / well-bred, well-born / the son The son was well-bred, well-born from mother’s side.

5. ubhato sujāto putto

⏏️(pitito) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(sujāto) putto) from father’s side / well-bred, well-born / the son The son was well-bred, well-born from father’s side.

6. ā brahmalokā saddo abbhuggacchati

🔼(ā) 🚹⨀⑤(brahmalokā) ⨀(🚹①(saddo) 🟢🤟▶️(abbhuggacchati)) till, up to / the high heavens of Brahmā / the sound / rises up The sound (of applause) rises up to the high heavens of Brahmā.

7. upari pabbatā devo vassati

🔼(upari) 🚹⨀⑤(pabbatā) ⨀(🚹①(devo) 🟢🤟▶️(vassati)) above / the mountain / the rain / pours The rain pours above the mountain.

8. buddhasmā pati sāriputto dhammadesanāya bhikkhū ālapati temāsaṁ

🚹⨀⑤(buddhasmā) 🔼(pati) ⨂🚹②(bhikkhū) ⨀(🚹①(sāriputto) 🚺④(dhammadesanāya) 🟢🤟▶️(ālapati)) ⨀🚻②(temāsaṁ) from Buddha / on behalf of, representing / monks / Venerable Sāriputta / for the purpose of teaching Dhamma / addresses / for three months representing (from) Buddha, Venerable Sāriputta addresses the monks in order to teach Dhamma for three months.

9. uppala’massa padumasmā pati dadāti

🚻⨀②(uppalaṁ) *️⃣🤟🚹⨀④(assa) 🚻⨀⑤(padumasmā) 🔼(pati) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(dadāti) white lotus / to that person / from red lotus / instead of / [he] gives [He] gives him white lotus instead of red lotus.

10. kanaka’massa hiraññasmā pati dadāti

🚻⨀②(kanakaṁ) *️⃣🚹⨀④(assa) 🚻⨀⑤(hiraññasmā) 🔼(pati) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(dadāti) gold / to that person / from silver / instead of / [he] gives [He] gives him gold instead of silver.

11. kosā vijjhati kuñjaraṁ

🚹⨀⑤(kosā) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(vijjhati) 🚹⨀②(kuñjaraṁ) from a distance of a Kosa* / [he] shoots / the elephant [He] shoots the elephant from (a distance of) a kosa. *A kosa is a unit of measurement representing the distance a human voice could be heard from (roughly 3 km)

12. māsasmā bhuñjati bhojanaṁ

🚹⨀⑤(māsasmā) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(bhuñjati) 🚻⨀②(bhojanaṁ) from a period of a month / [he] eats / food [He] eats food from (since) a month.

13. rite saddhammā kuto sukhaṁ labhati (saddhammaṁ, saddhammena)

🚹⨀⑤(rite saddhammā) ⏏️(kuto) 🚻⨀②(sukhaṁ) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(labhati) except noble way of Dhamma / where? / happiness / alms / [one can] get Where (one) can get happiness without (except) the noble way of Dhamma?

14. te bhikkhū nānā kulā pabbajitā

🚹⨂①(*️⃣🤟(te) bhikkhū 🔽(ita)(pabbajitā)) 🚻⨀⑤(⏏️(nānā) kulā) those monks / from various families and homes / came forth (become) Those monks became [monks] [after] leaving various families.

15. vinā saddhammā nattha’ñño koci nātho loke vijjati (saddhammaṁ, saddhammena)

🚹⨀⑤(vinā saddhammā) ⏏️(nattha’ñño) ⏏️(koci) 🚹⨀①(nātho) 🚹⨀⑦(loke) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(vijjati) except noble way of Dhamma / no other / refuge/help / in the world / [there] is There is no other refuge/help in the world except the noble way of Dhamma.

16. vinā buddhasmā nattha’ñño koci nātho loke vijjati (buddhaṁ, buddhena)

🚹⨀⑤(vinā buddhasmā) ⏏️(nattha’ñño) ⏏️(koci) 🚹⨀①(nātho) 🚹⨀⑦(loke) 🟢⨀🤟▶️(vijjati) except from Buddha / no other / refuge/help / in the world / [there] is There is no other refuge/help in the world except from Buddha.

17. yato sarāmi attānaṁ

⏏️(yato) 🟢⨀👆▶️(sarāmi) 🚹⨀②(attānaṁ) since / [I] remember / oneself Since or as far as I remember myself.

18. yato patto’smi viññutaṁ

⏏️(yato) ⨀🚹①(🔽(ta)(patto)) 🟢⨀👆▶️(asmi) 🚺⨀②(viññutaṁ) since / the one who attained / [I] am / to a state of being mature, wise Since [I] reach a state of being wise (capable of knowing right and wrong, mature adulthood).

19. yatvā’dhikaraṇa’menaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhā, domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvā’saveyyuṁ

⏏️(yatvā’dhikaraṇaṁ) 🚻⨀①(*️⃣🤟(enaṁ) cakkhundriyaṁ 🔽(ta)(asaṁvutaṁ) 🔽(anta)(viharantaṁ)) ⨂①(🚺(abhijjhā) 🚻(domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā)) 🟢⨂🤟⏯(anvā’saveyyuṁ) for the reason which / to that (person) / the faculty of eye / without restraining / (to the one who is) living / desire / aversion / those which are bad / unwholesome / mental states / may repeatedly arise For (such a) reason of (casually) living without restraining one’s eye, bad, unwholesome mental states (such as) desire, and aversion etc., may repeatedly arise to (the mind of) that person.

2.1.3 To protect or prevent from {273}

Example

kāke rakkhanti taṇḍulā

⨂(🚹②(kāke) 🟢🤟▶️(rakkhanti)) 🚹⨀⑤(taṇḍulā) crows / [people] prevent / from [snatching] rice [People] prevent crows from [eating] the rice.

Exercises

1. yavā paṭisedhenti gāvo

Answers

1. yavā paṭisedhenti gāvo

🚻⨀⑤(yavā) 🟢⨂🤟▶️(paṭisedhenti) 🚹⨀②(gāvo) from [eating] barley / [people] prevent / the cattle [People] prevent cattle from [eating] the barley.

2.1.4 Hiding from {274}

When one wishes not to be seen by someone, that person from which one wants to hide is an apādāna.

Example

upajjhāyā antaradhāyati sisso

🚹⨀⑤(upajjhāyā) ⨀(🟢🤟▶️(antaradhāyati) 🚹①(sisso)) from preceptor (teacher) / hides / the pupil The pupil hides from the preceptor.

Sometimes the ⑦ case ending is used rather than ⑤ in connection with a disappearance.

jetavane antaradhāyati bhagavā

🚻⨀⑦(jetavane) ⨀(🟢🤟▶️(antaradhāyati) 🚹①(bhagavā)) at Jetavana temple / disappears / Buddha Lord Buddha disappears at Jetavana temple.

Exercises

1. mātarā ca pitarā ca antaradhāyati putto

Answers

1. mātarā ca pitarā ca antaradhāyati putto

🚺⨀⑤(mātarā) ⏏️(ca) 🚹⨀⑤(pitarā) ⏏️(ca) ⨀(🟢🤟▶️(antaradhāyati) 🚹①(putto)) from mother / also / from father / also / hides / son The son hides from mother and father also.

2.1.5 Additional usage {275}

Used for expressing measurement of distance, time, direction along with words such as dura (distant, far) or antika (near) or similar words.

Also used for analytical comparison, abstinence, purity, release/freedom from, reason, arrested, result (from virtue) etc.

2.1.5.1 dura (“distant and far”)

kīva dūro ito naḷakāragāmo

⏏️(kīva) 🚹⨀①(dūro) ⏏️(ito) 🚹⨀①(naḷakāragāmo) how much / far / from here / bamboo-crafter’s village How far is from here to bamboo-crafter’s village?

Can also use with ① and ③ vibhatti endings (eg. dūraṁ, dūrena)

2.1.5.2 antika (“near”)

antikaṁ gāmā

🚹⨀(①(antikaṁ) ⑤(gāmā)) [is] near / from village [is] near village

Can also use with ① and ③ vibhatti endings (eg. gāmaṁ, gāmena)

2.1.5.3 Measure of geographic distance

ito mathurāya catūsu yojanesu saṅkassaṁ nāma nagaraṁ atthi, tattha bahū janā vasanti

⏏️(ito) 🚺⨀⑤(mathurāya) 🚻⨂⑦(catūsu yojanesu) ⨀(🚹①(saṅkassaṁ nāma nagaraṁ) 🤟▶️(atthi)) ⏏️(tattha) ⨂(🚹①(bahū janā) 🤟▶️(vasanti)) from here / from city of “Mathurā” / at 4 yojana (~20 km) / city named “Saṅkassa” / [there] is / there / many / people / live At four “yojana” distance from Mathurā, there is a city named “Saṅkassa”. Many people live there.

2.1.5.4 Measure of time

ito bhikkhave ekanavutikappe vipassī nāma bhagavā loke udapādi

⏏️(ito) 🚹⨂⓪(bhikkhave) 🚻⨂⑦(ekanavutikappe) 🚻⨂⑦(loke) ⨀(🚹①(vipassī nāma bhagavā) 🤟⏮(udapādi)) from here / monks! / at a time of 91 eons / in the world / Buddha named Vipassī / appeared Monks! at a time of 91 eons from now, the Buddha named “Vipassī”, appeared in the world.

2.1.5.5 Implied absolutive

pāsādā saṅkameyya

🚹⨀⑤(pāsādā) ⨀🤟🔀(saṅkameyya) from mansion or palace / (he should) move He should move from mansion.

This implies previously he has moved (ascended) to mansion.

pāsādaṁ abhiruhitvā

🚹⨀②(pāsādaṁ) 🔽(tvā)(abhiruhitvā) to the mansion or palace / having gone up Having gone up to mansion.

2.1.5.6 Direction and physical points

avicito yāva upari bhavagga’mantare bahū sattanikāyā vasanti

⏏️(avicito) ⏏️(yāva) ⏏️(upari) 🚹⨀②(bhavaggaṃ) ⏏️(antare) ⨂(🚹①(bahū sattanikāyā) 🤟▶️(vasanti)) from lowest hell / up to / above / the highest heaven / in between / many diverse groups of living beings / live Many diverse groups of beings live in between from the lowest hell (underneath) to the highest heaven above.

2.1.5.7 Comparison / distinction

yato paṇītataro vā visiṭṭhataro vā natthi

⏏️(yato) ⨀(🚹①(paṇītataro) ⏏️(vā) 🚹①(visiṭṭhataro) ⏏️(vā) ⏏️(na) 🤟▶️(atthi)) from which / the best / or / the most outstanding thing / or / no / [there] is There is nothing better or more outstanding [than the Dhamma].

2.1.5.8 Abstinence

gāmadhammā vasaladhammā asaddhammā ārati virati paṭivirati

⨀(🚹⑤(gāmadhammā vasaladhammā asaddhammā) 🤟▶️(ārati virati paṭivirati)) from the way of villagers / from impious way / from ignoble way / (mental) abstinence / (physical) abstinence / sustained abstinence

pāṇātipātā veramaṇī

⨀(🚹⑤(pāṇātipātā) 🤟▶️(veramaṇī)) from killing / abstinence

2.1.5.9 Purity

lobhaniyehi dhammehi suddho asaṅsaṭṭho

🚹⨂⑤(lobhaniyehi dhammehi) 🚹⨀①🔽(ta)(suddho asaṅsaṭṭho) from greed-causing / phenomenon / (is) pure / (is) dissociated It is pure and dissociated from greed-causing phenomenon.

2.1.5.10 Freedom and release

parimutto dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi

🚹⨀①🔽(ta)(parimutto) 🚻⨂⑤(dukkhasmā) ⏏️(iti) 👆⨀▶️(vadāmi) is free / phenomenon / from suffering / (quote) / (I) say I say “It is freedom from suffering”.

2.1.5.11 Reason

kasmā hetunā

🚹⨂⑤(kasmā hetunā) for what / reason for what reason, why?

Similarly, can also use ③ and ⑥ vibhatti endings:

🚹⨂③(kena hetunā) 🚹⨂⑥(kissa hetunā)

2.1.5.12 Dissociation

vivitto pāpakā dhammā

🚹⨀①🔽(ta)(vivitto) 🚹⨀⑤(pāpakā dhammā) is dissociated, being detached from / unwholesome / mental state Being detached from unwholesome mental state.

2.1.5.13 Measurement

dīghaso navavidatthiyo sugatavidatthiyā pamāṇikā kāretabbā. majjhimassa purisassa aḍḍha-teḷasahatthā

⏏️(dīghaso) 🚺⨂①(navavidatthiyo) 🚺⨀⑤(sugatavidatthiyā) 🚺⨂①(pamāṇikā 🔽(tabba)(kāretabbā)) 🚹⨀⑥(majjhimassa purisassa) 🚹⨂①(aḍḍha-teḷasahatthā) by length / by Buddha’s vidatthi (length between outstretched thumb and little finger) measurements / measurement / should be made measured / of medium / of man / half / thirteen / measure of length (measure from elbow to extended little-finger tip) By measure of Buddha’s vidatthi measurement, nine vidatthi in length, half-thirteen feet by measure of a medium height man are to be measured.

2.1.5.14 Before, previously

pubbe’va sambodhā

🚹⨀⑦(pubbe) ⏏️(eva) 🚹⨀⑤(sambodhā) before, previously / only / from (the time of) enlightenment at the previous time from enlightenment (prior to enlightenment)

2.1.5.15 To arrest

satasmā bandho naro

🚹⨀⑤(satasmā) 🚹⨀①(bandho naro) for hundred / arrested / man Man got arrested for a hundred.

Can also use ③ vibhatti ending:

satena bandho naro raññā iṇatthena

🚹⨀③(satena) 🚹⨀①(bandho naro) 🚹⨀③(raññā) 🚹⨀③(iṇatthena) for hundred / arrested / man / by king / by reason of debt Man was arrested by king for reasons of (unpaid) debt of a hundred.

2.1.5.16 Result or benefit

extolling the result or benefit of a virtue or a specific quality (note ③ vibhatti ending):

puññāya sugatiṁ yanti

🚻⨀③(puññāya) 🚺⨀①(sugatiṁ) 🤟⨂▶️(yanti) by meritorious deed / to good destiny (re-birth). / (people) go People go to a good (destiny of) re-birth by virtue of meritorious deed.

2.1.5.17 Questioning and Answering (of teachings)

Used together without a tvā-gerund Kita verb:

abhidhammā pucchanti

🚹⨀⑤(abhidhammā) 🤟⨂▶️(pucchanti) from abhidhamma / (they) ask They ask question from (i.e. regarding) Abhidhamma.

Also used with ② and ③ vibhatti endings:

abhidhammaṁ pucchanti abhidhammena pucchanti

This implies they have previously listened to the Abhidhamma, and have a “standing” question to ask:

abhidhammaṁ sutvā abhidhamme ṭhatvā

🚹⨀②(abhidhammaṁ) ⏏️🔽(tvā)(sutvā) 🚹⨀⑦(abhidhamme) ⏏️🔽(tvā)(sutvā) abhidhamma / having listened / abhidhamma / standing (there as point of question) Having listened to Abhidhamma, having stood on Abhidhamma, …

Also used with answering:

abhidhammā pucchanti

🚹⨀⑤(abhidhammā) 🤟⨂▶️(kathayanti) from abhidhamma / (they) answer They answer question from (i.e. regarding) Abhidhamma.

Some other words that can be used in this manner (replacing abhidhamma):

• vinaya
• suttā
• geyyā (stanza)
• gāthāya (verse)
• veyyākaraṇā (explanatory non-stanza discourses)
• udānā (joyous utterances)
• itivuttakā ((re-narrated) discourses)
• jātakā (Buddha’s former life stories)
• abbhutadhammā (inspirational discourses)
• vedallā (joyous sayings)

2.1.5.18 A little, a meagre amount

thokā muccanti

🚹⨀⑤(thokā) 🤟⨂▶️(muccanti) from reasons of little (excuse) / (they) are free (from confinement) They are free by means of a little excuse.

Some other words that can be used in this manner (replacing thokā):

• appamattakā (from little amount. muccanti)
• kicchā (from being weary)

Also used with ③ vibhatti ending:

thokena muccanti

2.1.5.19 Non-agent words indicative of obvious reason

kammassa katattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā cakkhuviññāṇaṁ uppannaṁ hoti

🚹⨀⑥(kammassa) 🚻⨀⑤(katattā upacitattā ussannattā vipulattā) 🚻⨀⑤(cakkhuviññāṇaṁ 🔽(tā)(uppannaṁ)) 🤟⨀▶️(hoti) of (good) kamma / for having done / for having collected / for having accumulated / for having increased / the eye-consciousness / act of arising / is For reasons of having done, for having collected, for having accumulated, for having increased the (good) kamma, the eye-consciousness arises.

Exercises

1. dūrato vā gamma
2. ārakā te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayā
3. ārakā te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayaṁ
4. anena te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayena
5. āsannaṁ gāmā
6. samīpaṁ gāmā
7. samīpaṁ saddhammā
8. ito tiṇṇaṁ māsānaṁ accayena parinibbāyissati. icceva’mādi
9. pabbatā saṅkameyya. pabbataṁ abhiruhitvā
10. hatthikkhandhā saṅkameyya. hatthikkhandhaṁ abhiruhitvā
11. āsanā vuṭṭhaheyya. āsane nisīditvā
12. yato khemaṁ tato bhayaṁ
13. puratthimato dakkhiṇato pacchimato uttarato aggī pajjalanti
14. yato assosuṁ bhagavantaṁ
15. uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā
16. channavutīnaṁ pāsaṇḍānaṁ dhammānaṁ pavaraṁ yadidaṁ sugatavinayo
17. mātito ca pitito ca suddho asaṅsaṭṭho anu’pakuddho agarahito
18. mutto’smi mārabandhanā
19. na te muccanti maccunā
20. kasmā nu tumhaṁ daharā na mīyare
21. kasmā idhe’va maraṇaṁ bhavissati
22. vivicce’va kāmehi
23. vivicca akusalehi dhammehi
24. cāgāya vipulaṁ dhanaṁ
25. paññāya vimutti mano
26. issariyāya janaṁ rakkhati rājā
27. vinayā pucchanti. vinayaṁ sutvā. vinaye ṭhatvā

Answers

1. dūrato vā gamma

⏏️(dūrato) ⏏️(evā) 🚻⨀①🔽(ṇya)(gamma) from afar / only / having come. Having come from a distance only.

2. ārakā te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayā

🚹⨀⑤(ārakā) 🚹⨂①(*️⃣🤟️(te) moghapurisā) 🚹⨀⑤(*️⃣🤟️(imasmā) dhammavinayā) far from / those empty men / from this teaching of Buddha Those “empty men” are far from this noble teaching of Buddha.

3. ārakā te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayaṁ

🚹⨀②(ārakā) 🚹⨂①(*️⃣🤟️(te) moghapurisā) 🚹⨀②(*️⃣🤟️(imasmā) dhammavinayaṁ) far from / those empty men / from this teaching of Buddha Those “empty men” are far from this noble teaching of Buddha.

4. anena te moghapurisā imasmā dhammavinayena

🚹⨀③(anena) 🚹⨂①(*️⃣🤟️(te) moghapurisā) 🚹⨀③(*️⃣🤟️(imasmā) dhammavinayena) far from / those empty men / from this teaching of Buddha Those “empty men” are far from this noble teaching of Buddha.

5. āsannaṁ gāmā

🚹⨀(①(āsannaṁ) ⑤(gāmā)) [is] near / from village [is] near village

6. samīpaṁ gāmā

🚹⨀(①(samīpaṁ) ⑤(gāmā)) [is] near / from village [is] near village

7. samīpaṁ saddhammā

🚹⨀(①(samīpaṁ) ⑤(saddhammā)) [is] near / from noble Dhamma [is] near noble Dhamma

8. ito tiṇṇaṁ māsānaṁ accayena parinibbāyissati

⏏️(ito) 🚻⨂⑥(tiṇṇaṁ māsānaṁ) 🚻⨂③(accayena) ⨀🤟⏭(parinibbāyissati) from here / of three months / on passing / (the Buddha) will expire On passing of three months from now, the Buddha will enter into parinibbāna.

9. pabbatā saṅkameyya. pabbataṁ abhiruhitvā

🚹⨀⑤(pabbatā) ⨀🤟🔀(saṅkameyya) 🚹⨀②(pabbataṁ) 🔽(tvā)(abhiruhitvā) from mountain / (he should) move / to mountain / having gone up He should move from mountain. Having gone up to mountain

10. hatthikkhandhā saṅkameyya. hatthikkhandhaṁ abhiruhitvā

🚹⨀⑤(hatthikkhandhā) ⨀🤟🔀(saṅkameyya) 🚹⨀②(hatthikkhandhaṁ) 🔽(tvā)(abhiruhitvā) from the back of elephant / (he should) move / to the back of elephant / having gone up He should move from back of elephant. Having gone up to back of elephant

11. āsanā vuṭṭhaheyya. āsane nisīditvā

🚻⨀⑤(āsanā) ⨀🤟🔀(vuṭṭhaheyya) 🚻⨀②(āsane) 🔽(tvā)(nisīditvā) from seat / (he) should get up / to seat / having seated He should get up from seat. Having sat on seat

12. yato khemaṁ tato bhayaṁ

⏏️(yato) 🚻⨀①(khemaṁ) ⏏️(tato) 🚻⨀①(bhayaṁ) from where / (it is) safe / from there / (it is) unsafe Where (it used to be) safe (before), is no longer safe.

13. puratthimato dakkhiṇato pacchimato uttarato aggī pajjalanti

🚹⨀⑤(puratthimato dakkhiṇato pacchimato uttarato) ⨂(🚹①(aggī) 🤟▶️(pajjalanti)) from East, South, West, North / fires / are aflame From East, South, West, North fires are aflame.

14. yato assosuṁ bhagavantaṁ

⏏️(yato) ⨂🤟⏮(assosuṁ) 🚹⨀②(bhagavantaṁ) since / (they) heard / the Buddha Since they heard the Buddha’s (words).

15. uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā

🚻⨀⑤(pādatalā) ⏏️(adho) 🚻⨀⑤(kesamatthakā) since / from the feet / down below / the tip of hair From above the feet and bewlow the tip of the hair.

16. channavutīnaṁ pāsaṇḍānaṁ dhammānaṁ pavaraṁ yadidaṁ sugatavinayo

🚹⨀⑥(channavutīnaṁ pāsaṇḍānaṁ dhammānaṁ) ⏏️(adho) 🚹⨀①(pavaraṁ *️⃣🤟(yadidaṁ) sugatavinayo) since / of ninety-six / impious / ideas / (is) the most excellent / that which is / the discipline of Buddha Of the ninety-six impious ideas, the discipline (teaching) of Buddha [is] the most excellent.

17. mātito ca pitito ca suddho asaṅsaṭṭho anu’pakuddho agarahito

🚺⨀⑥(mātito) ⏏️(ca) 🚹⨀⑥(pitito) ⏏️(ca) 🚹⨀①🔽(ta)(suddho asaṅsaṭṭho anu’pakuddho agarahito) from mother’s side / and / from father’s side / and / (is) pure / (is) not mixed (with other castes). / (is) not censured / (is) not reproached (He) is not to be censured nor to be reproached as he is pure and not racially mixed either from the mother’s side or from the father’s side.

18. mutto’smi mārabandhanā

🚹⨀①🔽(ta)(mutto) 👆⨀▶️(asmi) 🚻⨂⑤(mārabandhanā) free / (I) am / from Māra’s bonds I am free from Māra’s bonds.

19. na te muccanti maccunā

⏏️(na) *️⃣🤟🚹⨂①(te) 👆⨂▶️(muccanti) 🚻⨂⑤(maccunā) not / they / are free / from death They are not being free from death.

20. kasmā nu tumhaṁ daharā na mīyare

🚹⨀⑤(kasmā) ⏏️(nu) *️⃣🤘⚧⨂⑥(tumhaṁ) ⨂(🚹①(daharā) ⏏️(na) 🔵🤟▶️(mīyare)) why / (?) / of you / the young ones / no / die Why the young ones among you (in the family) do not die young?

21. kasmā idhe’va maraṇaṁ bhavissati

🚹⨀⑤(kasmā) ⏏️(idha eva) ⨀(🚹①(maraṇaṁ) 🤟⏭(bhavissati)) why / here / only / death / will be Why [my] death will be only here?

22. vivicce’va kāmehi

⨀🤘⏹(vivicca) ⏏️(eva) 🚹⨂⑤(kāmehi) being detached / only / from sensual pleasures Being detached from sensual pleasures only.

23. vivicca akusalehi dhammehi

⨀🤘⏹(vivicca) 🚹⨂⑤(akusalehi dhammehi) being detached / from unwholesome / from mental states Being detached from unwholesome mental states.

24. cāgāya vipulaṁ dhanaṁ

🚹⨀③(cāgāya) 🚻⨀①(vipulaṁ dhanaṁ) by alms / is abundant / wealth abundance of wealth is by virtue of alms.

25. paññāya vimutti mano

🚹⨀③(paññāya) 🚹⨀①(vimutti mano) by wisdom / is free / the mind The mind is free by virtue of wisdom.

26. issariyāya janaṁ rakkhati rājā

🚹⨀③(issariyāya) 🚹⨀②(janaṁ) 🤟⨀▶️(rakkhati) 🚹⨀①(rājā) by authority / people / protects or governs / the king The king governs people by virtue of authority.

27. vinayā pucchanti. vinayaṁ sutvā. vinaye ṭhatvā

🚹⨀⑤(vinayā) 🤟⨂▶️(pucchanti) 🚹⨀②(vinayaṁ) ⏏️🔽(tvā)(sutvā) 🚹⨀⑦(vinaye) ⏏️🔽(tvā)(sutvā) from vinaya / (they) ask / vinaya / having listened / vinaya / standing (there as point of question) Having listened to Vinaya, having stood on Vinaya, they ask question from (i.e. regarding) Vinaya.