H: `taddhita` (affixes)
taddhita affixes and their meaningsCategories:
Part of “A Beginner (Non-Linguist) Guide to Learning Pali”
This appendix contains a subset of the examples provided in Kaccāyana - consult the book for a full set of examples.
tassā’pacca (“the son or descendant of someone”)
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {344} | vasiṭṭhassa apaccaṁ vā | vasiṭṭha | ṇa | vasiṭṭh | vāsiṭṭho(🚹) vāsiṭṭhī(🚺) vāsiṭṭhaṁ(🚻) | Vasiṭṭha’s son/daughter/clan |
| {345} | vacchassa apaccaṁ vā | vaccha | ṇāyana | vasiṭṭh | vacchāyano(🚹) vacchāyanī(🚺) vacchāyanaṁ(🚻) | Vaccha’s son/daughter/clan |
| {345} | vacchassa apaccaṁ vā | vaccha | ṇāna | vasiṭṭh | vacchāno(🚹) vacchānī(🚺) vacchānaṁ(🚻) | Vaccha’s son/daughter/clan |
| {346} | kattikāya apaccaṁ vā | kattikā | ṇeyya | kattik | kattikeyyo | (a woman) Kattikā’s son or descendant |
| {347} | dakkhassa apaccaṁ vā | dakkha | ṇi | dakkh | dakkhi | Dakkha’s son or descendant |
| {347} | sakyaputtassa apaccaṁ | sakyaputta | ṇika | sakyaputta | sakyaputtiko | Sakyaputta’s son or descendant |
| {348} | upakussa apaccaṁ vā | upaku | ṇava | opakavo | Upaku’s son or descendant | |
| {349} | vidhavāya apaccaṁ vā | vidhavā | ṇera | v | vedhavero | widow’s son or descendant |
ane’ka’ttha (various meanings)
| sutta | expression | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {350} | saṁsaṭṭha “being mixed in as an ingredient” | tilena saṁsaṭṭhaṁ bhojanaṁ | tila | ṇika | t | telikaṁ | food mixed with sesame | ||
| {350} | tarati “mode of crossing a river etc.” | nāvāya taratī’ti | nāvā | ṇika | nāv | nāviko | traveler by boat | ||
| {350} | carati “mode of travel or practice” | sakaṭena caratī’ti | nāvā | ṇika | sakaṭ | sākaṭiko | bullock-cart-traveler | ||
| {350} | vahati “mode of carriage” | sīsena vahatī’ti | sīsa | ṇika | sīs | sīsiko | one who carries (something) on head | ||
| {350} | vasatī “residency” | rājagahe vasatī’ti | rājagaha | ṇika | rājagah | rājagahiko | resident/native of Rājagaha city | ||
| {351} | adhīte “learning or subject of study” | rvinaya’madhīte | vinaya | ṇika | v | venayiko (i>e vuddhi) | Vinaya-learner. i.e. the student of Vinaya texts | ||
| {351} | tena kataṁ “modes of action” | kāyena kataṁ kammaṁ | kāya | ṇika | kāy | kāyikaṁ | bodily action | ||
| {351} | sannidhāna “originated in” | sarīre sannidhānā vedanā | sarīra | ṇika | sarīr | sārīrikā | the bodily feeling. i.e. bodily pain etc. | ||
| {351} | niyutta “being involved in or related to” | dvāre niyutto | dvāra | ṇika | d(o)vār | dovāriko | the door-keeper, guard | ||
| {351} | sippa “profession or knowledge” | vīṇā assa sippaṁ | vīṇā | ṇika | v | veṇiko (i>e vuddhi) | the harp-professional, the harpist | ||
| {351} | bhaṇḍaṁ “merchandise” | gandho assa bhaṇḍaṁ | gandha | ṇika | gandh | gandhiko | the perfume-trader, perfumer | ||
| {351} | jīvika “livelihood” | urabbhaṁ hantvā jīvatī’ti | urabbha | ṇika | orabbhiko (u>o vuddhi) | sheep-butcher | |||
| {351} | hata “mode of killing for a living” | jālena hato | jāla | ṇika | jāl | jāliko | fisherman | ||
| {351} | āvudha “weapon” | cāpo assa āvudho | cāpa | ṇika | cāp | cāpiko | archer | ||
| {351} | ābādha “disease or pain” | vāto assa ābādho | vāta | ṇika | vāt | vātiko | gas-pain sufferer | ||
| {351} | pasanna “being pleased with or being devoted to” | buddhe pasanno | buddha | ṇika | buddh | buddhiko | the one who is pleased in Buddha. i.e. a devotee of Buddha | ||
| {351} | santakaṁ “possession, being owned by” | buddhassa santakaṁ | buddha | ṇika | buddh | buddhikaṁ | Buddha’s possession such as funds meant for shrine-renovation etc. | ||
| {351} | kītaṁ “mode of purchase, being bartered with” | vatthena kītaṁ bhaṇḍaṁ | vattha | ṇika | vatth | vatthikaṁ | the thing bought by means of bartering with cloth | ||
| {351} | parimāṇa “measurement” | kumbho assa parimāṇaṁ | kumbha | ṇika | kumbh | kumbhikaṁ | a thing of one Kumbha measure of grain | ||
| {351} | rāsi “heap” | kumbhassa rāsi | kumbha | ṇika | kumbh | kumbhikaṁ | one-kumbha-measured heap of grains | ||
| {351} | arahati “deserve” | kumbhaṁ arahatī’ti | kumbha | ṇika | kumbh | kumbhiko | someone deserving one-Kumbha of grains | ||
| {351} | dibbati “to play a game of luck” | akkhena dibbatī’ti | akkha | ṇika | akkh | akkhiko | dice-player, gambler | ||
| {352} | rāga “dye” | kasāvena rattaṁ vatthaṁ | kasāva | ṇa | kasāv | kāsāvaṁ | yellow-colored robe | ||
| {352} | idaṁ “(this) belongs to” | sūkarassa idaṁ maṁsaṁ | sūkara | ṇa | s | sokaraṁ | pig’s meat, i.e. pork | ||
| {352} | avidūra “not far off, in proximity” | udumbarassa avidūre pavattaṁ vimānaṁ | udumbara | ṇa | udumbar | odumbaraṁ | the mansion near fig tree | ||
| {352} | jāta “native” | mathurāya jāto | mathurā | ṇa | mathur | māthuro | the native of Mathurā | ||
| {352} | āgata “comer” | mathurāya āgato | mathurā | ṇa | mathur | māthuro | the person coming from the city of Mathurā | ||
| {352} | niyutta “being related to or with” | mattikāya niyutto māso | kattikā | ṇa | kattik | kattiko | the month when the star named “Kattikā (Kṛittika)” is prominent | ||
| {352} | samūha “collective grouping” | sikkhānaṁ samūho | sikkhā | ṇa | sikkh | sikkho | the collection of the precepts | ||
| {352} | devatā “being devoted like a deity” | buddho assa devatā | buddha | ṇa | buddh | buddho | the one who devotes Buddha like a deity | ||
| {352} | “being related for a certain period such as a year etc.” | saṁvacchara’madhīte | saṁvacchara | ṇa | saṁvacchar | saṁvaccharo | annual learner, yearly student | ||
| {352} | “being related to a skill of knowledge” | vyākaraṇa’madhīte | vyākaraṇa | ṇa | vyākaraṇ | veyyākaraṇo | the one who studies grammar, the grammar-student | ||
| {352} | visaya “domain or a specifically reserved place etc.” | vasādānaṁ visayo deso | vasāda | ṇa | v | vāsādo | the lion’s den | ||
| {352} | different meaning from above | sāgarehi nibbatto | sāgara | ṇa | sāgar | sāgaro | the place made by Sāgara, i.e. ocean | ||
| {352} | “being resident and chief” | sāgala’massa nivāso | sāgala | ṇa | sāgal | sāgalo | the resident of Sāgala | ||
| {353} | “when and where it happens” | pacchā jāto | pacchā | ima | pacch | pacchimo | that which happens later, the latter, the last | ||
| {353} | “in which species one is born into etc.” | bodhisattajātiyā jāto | bodhisattajāti | iya | bodhisattajāt | bodhisattajātiyo | he one who was born as a Bodhisatta | ||
| {353} | “pertaining to” | ante niyutto | anta | ima | ant | antimo | that which is related to the end, i.e. the end, the final | ||
| {353} | “having something as an inherent quality etc” | putto assa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | putta | ima | putt | puttimo | is so called, the one who has son (child) | ||
| {353} | “pertaining to” | jātiyaṁ niyutto | jāti | kiya | jāti + kiy | jātikiyo | birth-related, inborn, innate |
samūha (collective grouping/assembly)
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {354} | rājaputtānaṁ samūho | rājaputta | ṇa | rājaputta + | rājaputto | the collective group of princes | ||
| {354} | rājaputtānaṁ samūho | rājaputta | kaṇ | rājaputta + k | rājaputtako | the collective group of princes | ||
| {355} | gāmānaṁ samūho | gāma, jana, bandhu, sahāya | tā | gāma + t | gāmatā | the collective group of villages |
ta’dassaṭhāna (the source or the cause)
an instigating source or a cause for passion, arrest, release, joy, etc.
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {356} | madanassa ṭhānaṁ | madana | iya | madan | madaniyaṁ | the source of infatuation or inebriation, something alluring or extremely tempting or attractive thus causing lust or madness etc. | ||
| {356} | bandhanassa ṭhānaṁ | bandana | iya | bandan | bandhaniyaṁ | the cause of imprisonment |
upamā (analogous similitude)
a simile or a metaphoric likeness
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {357} | dhūmo viya dissati aduṁ vanaṁ ta’didaṁ | dhūma | āyitatta | dhūm | dhūmāyitattaṁ | the smoky forest (whose color is like green-greyish when seen from a distant) | ||
| {357} | timiraṁ viya dissati aduṁ vanaṁ ta’didaṁṁ | timira | āyitatta | timir | timirāyitattaṁ | the darkish-looking forest |
tannissita (“dependent nature and source”)
“on which something depends or being as- sociated to or being the source of”
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {358} | duṭṭhu nissitaṁ | duṭṭhu | la | duṭṭhu | duṭṭhullaṁ | related to bad nature, indecent, obscene |
tabbahula (the prominent nature)
“a state of being a common prominent nature”
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {359} | abhijjhā assa pakati | abhijjhā | ālu | abhijjh | abhijjhālu | the one whose nature is covetousness |
bhāva (the abstract condition)
condition or state or a qualitative character of someone or something (a state of being so and so, a sit- uation, or a qualitative character of someone or something)
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {360} | alasassa bhāvo | alasa | ṇya | alas | ālasyaṁ | the state of being lazy, the laziness | ||
| {360} | paṁsukūlikassa bhāvo | paṁsukūlika | tta | paṁsukūlika + tta + | paṁsukūlikattaṁ | practitioner-hood of Paṁsukūlika austerity-practice | ||
| {360} | saṅgaṇikā’rāmassa bhāvo | saṅgaṇikārāma | tā | saṅgaṇikārāma + tā + | saṅgaṇikā’rāmatā | gregariousness, being fond of socializing | ||
| {360} | puthujjanassa bhāvo | puthujjana | ttana | puthujjana + ttana + | puthujjanattanaṁ | state of being unenlightened, a common worldling who is still a victim of defilements | ||
| {361} | visamassa bhāvo | visama | ṇa | visama + | vesamaṁ | state of being uneven, ruggedness, uneven-ness, non-level place of the earth | ||
| {362} | ramaṇīyassa bhāvo | ramaṇīya | kaṇ | ramaṇīya + ka | rāmaṇīyakaṁ | pleasantness |
visesa (superlative-comparison)
a comparative comparison for the superlative
| sutta | expression | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {363} | 1. positive | sabbe ime pāpā, aya’mimesaṁ visesena pāpo’ti | pāpa | tara | pāpa + tar | pāpataro | specially bad among the bad. i.e. especially bad of the bad | ||
| {363} | 1. superlative | sabbe ime pāpā, aya’mimesaṁ visesena pāpo’ti | pāpa | tama | pāpa + tam | pāpatamo | the most bad, the worst | ||
| {363} | 2. positive | sabbe ime pāpā, aya’mimesaṁ visesena pāpo’ti | pāpa | isika | pāp | pāpisiko | specially bad | ||
| {363} | 2. comparative | sabbe ime pāpā, aya’mimesaṁ visesena pāpo’ti | pāpa | iya | pāp | pāpiyo | more bad | ||
| {363} | 2. superlative | sabbe ime pāpā, aya’mimesaṁ visesena pāpo’ti | pāpa | iṭṭha | pāp | pāpiṭṭho | more bad |
ta’dassa’tthi (possessed quality or inherent nature)
a quality being possessed by someone (or something)
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {364} | medhā yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | medhā | vī | medhā + vī + | medhāvī | the one who has intellect or wisdom, the wise | ||
| {364} | sumedhā yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | sumedhā | so | sumedh | sumedhaso | the one who has good intellect | ||
| {365} | tapo yassa atthi tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | tapa | ssī | tapa + ssī + | tapassī | the one having austerity practices, an ascetic, a hermit | ||
| {366} | daṇḍo yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | daṇḍa | ika | daṇḍ | daṇḍiko | the one having stick | ||
| {366} | daṇḍo yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | daṇḍa | ī | daṇḍ | daṇḍī | the one having stick | ||
| {367} | madhu yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | madhu | ra | madhu + r | madhuro | something having sweet taste, sweet | ||
| {368} | guṇo yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | guṇa | vantu | guṇa + v | guṇavā | virtuous or a dignitary | ||
| {369} | sati yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | sati | mantu | sati + m | satimā | the one having mindfulness, mindful | ||
| {370} | saddhā yassa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | saddhā | ṇa | saddh | saddho | the one having faith, the faithful | ||
| {371} | āyu assa atthi, tasmiṁ vā vijjatī’ti | āyu | mantu | āy | āyasmā | the one having life |
ta’ppakati (made up of something)
by means of which something is made up of, or crafted with
| sutta | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {372} | suvaṇṇena pakataṁ kammaṁ | suvaṇṇa | maya | suvaṇṇa + maya + | sovaṇṇamayaṁ | made of gold |
abyaya (Nouns in indeclinable affixes)
| sutta | expression | phrase | base | affix | transformation | word | meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {397} | distributive adjective or adverb | ekena vibhāgena | eka | dhā | eka + dhā + | ekadhā | by one portion, in one kind | ||
| {398} | manner and mode (after sabbanāma) | tena pakāro | ta | thā | ta + thā + | tathā | by that manner | ||
| {398} | manner and mode (after sabbanāma) | so pakāro | ta | thattā | ta + thattā + | tathattā | by that manner | ||
| {399} | manner and mode (after kiṃ) | ko pakāro | ka | thaṁ | ka + thaṁ + | kathaṁ | what manner | ||
| {399} | manner and mode (after ima) | ayaṁ pakāro | ima | thaṁ | i | itthaṁ | this manner |