A: Symbols and Glossary of Pali technical terms

List of symbols used in this book and their meanings

Part of “A Beginner (Non-Linguist) Guide to Learning Pali”

symbol	meaning	explanation
🚹	`pulliṅga`	major (masculine) gender
🚻	`napuṁsakaliṅga`	special (neuter) gender
🚺	`itthiliṅga`	minor (feminine) gender
⨀	`ekavacana`	singular
⨂	`bahuvacana`	plural
🟢	`parassapada`, `kattu`	active voice
🔵	`attanopada`, `bhāva`	middle voice - impersonal
🔴	`kamma`	passive voice
🟠	`kārita`	causative
🤟	`paṭhama purisa`	first person, equivalent to ’third person’ in English
🤘	`majjima purisa`	middle person, equivalent to ‘second person’ in English
👆	`uttama purisa`	primary person, equivalent to ‘first person’ in English
⓪	`ālapana`	vocative
①	`paṭhamā`	first case (nominative)
②	`dutiyā`	second case (accusative)
③	`tatiyā`	third case (instrumental)
④	`catutthī`	fourth case (dative)
⑤	`pañcamī`	fifth case (ablative)
⑥	`chaṭṭhī`	sixth case (genitive)
⑦	`sattamī`	seventh case (locative)
⏏️	`nipāta`	particle
🔼	`upasagga`	prefix
🆎	`samāsa`	compound noun
🔽	`taddhita`	affix
*️⃣	`sabbanāma`	pronoun
▶️	`vattamāna`	present
⏹	`piñcamī`	imperative
⏯	`sattamī`	potential
🔄	`parokkhā`	perfect
↩️	`hiyyattanī`	imperfect
⏮	`ajjatanī`	aorist
⏭	`bhavissanti`	future
🔀	`kālātipatti`	conditional

Phonological Terminology

Technical Terms and Technique of the Pali and the Sanskrit Grammars, Mahesh A Deokar, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (2008)