L: `sabbanāma` (Pronouns)
List of
sabbanāma and their vibhatti endingsCategories:
Part of “A Beginner (Non-Linguist) Guide to Learning Pali”
Kinds of sabbanāma
- Personal pronoun (puggalanāmaṃ).
- Demonstrative pronoun (nidassananāmaṃ).
- Relative pronoun (anvayīnāmaṃ).
- Interrogative pronoun (pucchānāmaṃ).
- Indefinite pronoun (anīyamanāmaṃ).
- Possessive pronoun
List of sabbanāma
| no | sabbanāma | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | sabba | “all” |
| 2 | katara | “which [of two]?” |
| 3 | katama | “which [of many]?” |
| 4 | ubbaya | “both” |
| 5 | itara | “other [of two]” |
| 6 | añña | “other [of many]” |
| 7 | aññatara | “other [of many]” |
| 8 | aññatama | “a certain [of two]” |
| 9 | pubba | “former” |
| 10 | para | “another” |
| 11 | apara | “another” |
| 12 | dakkhiṇa | “right,” “south” |
| 13 | uttara | “upper,” “north,” “more than” |
| 14 | adhara | “lower” |
| 15 | ya | “who,” “what” |
| 16 | ta | “he,” “that” |
| 17 | eta | “this” |
| 18 | ima | “this” |
| 19 | amu | “that” |
| 20 | kiṃ | “what?”, “why?” |
| 21 | eka | “one” |
| 22 | ubha | “both” |
| 23 | dvi | “two” |
| 24 | ti | “three” |
| 25 | catu | “four” |
| 26 | tumha | “you” |
| 27 | amha | “I,” “we” |
ma(d), mam
This is used as the pronoun for uttama purisa (in English, “1st” person)
vibhatti | ⨀ | ⨂ |
|---|---|---|
| ① | ahaṃ (amhi, asmi, mhi) | amhā, amhe, mayaṃ, mayhaṃ, no, vayaṃ |
| ② | maṃ, mamaṃ, mayhaṃ, mām-, me | amhākaṃ, amhe, asmākaṃ, asme, no |
| ③ | mayā, me | amhebhi, amhehi, asmāhi, asmābhi, no |
| ⑤ | mamato, mayā, me | amhebhi, amhehi, asmāhi, asmābhi, no |
| ④⑥ | amhaṃ, mama(ṃ), mamā, maṃ, mayha(ṃ), me | amhaṃ, amhāka(ṃ), asmākaṃ, no (ne) |
| ⑦ | mayi, me | amhesu, asmāsu, asmesu |
ta(d)
This is used as the pronoun for majjima purisa (in English, “2nd” person)
vibhatti | ⨀ | ⨂ |
|---|---|---|
| ① | taṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ | tumhe, vo |
| ② | taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ, tyaṃ, te | tumhākaṃ, tumhe, vaṃ, ve, vo |
| ③ | tayā, te, tvāya | tumhebhi, tumhehi, vaṃ, ve, vo |
| ⑤ | tayā, te, tvāya | tumhebhi, tumhehi |
| ④⑥ | tava(ṃ), tayā, te, tumhaṃ, tuyha(ṃ) | tumhaṃ, tumhāka(ṃ), tuyhaṃ (possibly), vaṃ, ve, vo |
| ⑦ | tayi, tvayi | tumhesu |
This is used as the pronoun for paṭhama purisa (in English, “3rd” person)
⨀ ekavacana
vibhatti | 🚹 | 🚻 | 🚺 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ① | sa, se, so, sū | tad-, tadaṃ, taṃ (naṃ), se | sā |
| ② | taṃ (naṃ), te | tad-, taṃ (naṃ), se | taṃ |
| ③ | tena (nena) | tena (nena) | tāya (nāya) |
| ⑤ | tamhā, tasmā (nasmā), tato, tāto | tamhā, tasmā (nasmā), tato, tāto | tāya (nāya) |
| ④⑥ | asmā, assa, tassa (nassa), tāya (④) | asmā, assa, tassa (nassa), tāya (④) | assā, tassā (nassā), tassāya (nassāya), tāya, tissā, tissāya |
| ⑦ | asmiṃ, tamhi, tamhī, tasmiṃ (nasmiṃ) | asmiṃ, tamhi, tamhī, tasmiṃ (nasmiṃ) | assaṃ, tassaṃ, tāsaṃ (nassaṃ), tāya(ṃ) (nāyaṃ), tissaṃ |
⨂ bahuvacana
vibhatti | 🚹 | 🚻 | 🚺 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ① | te (ne) | tāni | tā, tāyo |
| ② | te (ne) | tāni | tā (nā), tāyo |
| ③ | tebhi, tehi (nehi) | tebhi, tehi (nehi) | tābhi, tāhi (nāhi) |
| ⑤ | tebhi, tehi (nehi) | tebhi, tehi (nehi) | tābhi, tāhi (nāhi) |
| ④⑥ | tesaṃ (nesaṃ), tesānaṃ | tesaṃ (nesaṃ), tesānaṃ | tāsaṃ (nāsaṃ), tāsānaṃ, sānaṃ |
| ⑦ | tesu (nesu) | tesu (nesu) | tāsu (nāsu) |