2: `kāraka` (word ending) meanings

Various meanings and usage-rules of word endings in sentences after vibhatti has been applied {271}-{315}

kāraka means the “cause” or “participants” of actions, and the relationship between various words in a Pali sentence. The following are descriptions of various kāraka categories, and the typical vibhatti endings that are applied to words belonging to those categories.


2.1: apādāna (Ablative)

apādāna words refer to the source from which it occurs and is generally translated as “from”. It is normally (but not always) associated with the fifth case (⑤) vibhatti endings. It is often referred to as “ablative” in English Pali grammar books.