1.1 𑀧𑀞𑀫𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀟 (Paṭhamakaṇḍa) - Definitions
akkhara (sounds, or letters), and rules for carrying out sandhiCategories:
1 [R1] Meaning from recognition of akkhara (sounds, or letters)
𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀲𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀢𑁄 (attho akkharasaññāto)
adhikāra
sīhagatika
akkhara means “constant, durable, long-lasting” and in the context of Kaccāyana it means “sounds, tones, words” and also the letters of the alphabetical syllabary.All meanings of words are based on the recognition of “akkhara” (sounds, or letters).
A mistaken akkhara result in difficulty in interpreting meaning, therefore proficiency in akkhara is extremely helpful in (deciphering) the rules (or understanding the suttas in the Tipiṭaka).
Sabbavacanānamattho akkhareheva saññāyate. Akkharavipattiyaṃ hi atthassa dunnayatā hoti, tasmā akkharakosallaṃ bahūpakāraṃ suttantesu.
𑀲𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀯𑀘𑀦𑀸𑀦𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑁂𑀳𑁂𑀯 𑀲𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀬𑀢𑁂𑁇 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀯𑀺𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀳𑀺 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀤𑀼𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀬𑀢𑀸 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺, 𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀓𑁄𑀲𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀁 𑀩𑀳𑀽𑀧𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀁 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑁇
सब्बवचनानमत्थो अक्खरेहेव सञ्ञायते। अक्खरविपत्तियं हि अत्थस्स दुन्नयता होति, तस्मा अक्खरकोसल्लं बहूपकारं सुत्तन्तेसु।
2 [R2] 41 akkhara starting with a
𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸𑀧𑀸𑀤𑀬𑁄𑀏𑀓𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀁 (akkharāpādayoekacattālīsaṃ)
saññā
anvattha
And there are forty one akkhara constructed from sounds/syllables, starting with a.
Te ca kho akkharā api akārādayo ekacattālīsaṃ1 suttantesu sopakārā.
Taṃ yathā?
a ā i ī u ū e o,
ka kha ga gha ṅa,
ca cha ja jha ña,
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa,
ta tha da dha na,
pa pha ba bha ma,
ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ,
iti akkharā nāma.
The CSCD edition misspells this as
ekacattā līsa. ↩︎
𑀢𑁂 𑀘 𑀔𑁄 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸 𑀅𑀧𑀺 𑀅𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀬𑁄 𑀏𑀓𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀮𑀻𑀲𑀁 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀲𑁄𑀧𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀅 𑀆 𑀇 𑀈 𑀉 𑀊 𑀏 𑀑,
𑀓 𑀔 𑀕 𑀖 𑀗,
𑀘 𑀙 𑀚 𑀛 𑀜,
𑀝 𑀞 𑀟 𑀠 𑀡,
𑀢 𑀣 𑀤 𑀥 𑀦,
𑀧 𑀨 𑀩 𑀪 𑀫,
𑀬 𑀭 𑀮 𑀯 𑀲 𑀳 𑀍𑀅 𑀅𑀁,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
ते च खो अक्खरा अपि अकारादयो एकचत्तालीसं सुत्तन्तेसु सोपकारा।
तं यथा?
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ओ,
क ख ग घ ङ,
च छ ज झ ञ,
ट ठ ड ढ ण,
त थ द ध न,
प फ ब भ म,
य र ल व स ह ऌअ अं,
इति अक्खरा नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 1: attho akkharasaññāto (meaning from recognition of akkhara)3 [R3] (From akkhara) eight ending with “o”: sara (vowel)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣𑁄𑀤𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀲𑀭𑀸 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (tatthodantā sarā aṭṭha)
saññā
anvattha
sara means “sound, voice, intonation, accent” and in the context of Kaccāyana it means “vowel”. Vowels have independent existence, unlike consonants which need to be combined with vowels to make a sound.Regarding the akkhara, the eight akkhara starting with a and ending with o are called sarā (vowels).
Tattha akkharesu akārādīsu odantā aṭṭha akkharā sarā nāma honti.
Taṃ yathā?
a ā i ī u ū e o,
iti sarā nāma.
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀅𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀻𑀲𑀼 𑀑𑀤𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸 𑀲𑀭𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀅 𑀆 𑀇 𑀈 𑀉 𑀊 𑀏 𑀑,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀲𑀭𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
तत्थ अक्खरेसु अकारादीसु ओदन्ता अट्ठ अक्खरा सरा नाम होन्ति।
तं यथा?
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ओ,
इति सरा नाम।
Independent vowels:
Vowel marks (to be added to consonants):
Example of vowel marks added to ka:
Applicability
Refer to rule 12: sarā sare lopaṃ (elision of vowel from vowels)4 [R4] 3 short vowels: rassa
𑀮𑀳𑀼𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀢𑀬𑁄 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (lahumattā tayo rassā)
saññā
anvattha
rassa refers to a “short” vowel (with a metrical length of one morae, or approximately the time taken to blink the eyes).Regarding the eight vowels, the three short vowels are called rassa.
The rassa vowels are:
a i u.
Tattha aṭṭhasu saresu lahumattā tayo sarā rassā nāma honti.
Taṃ yathā?
a i u,
iti rassā nāma.
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀲𑀼 𑀲𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀮𑀳𑀼𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀢𑀬𑁄 𑀲𑀭𑀸 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀅 𑀇 𑀉,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
तत्थ अट्ठसु सरेसु लहुमत्ता तयो सरा रस्सा नाम होन्ति।
तं यथा?
अ इ उ,
इति रस्सा नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 26: Rassaṃ (short vowels)5 [R5] Other (vowels) are dīgha (long)
𑀅𑀜𑁆𑀜𑁂 𑀤𑀻𑀖𑀸 (aññe dīghā)
saññā
anvattha
dīgha refers to a “long” vowel (with a metrical length of two morae, or perhaps even longer).Regarding the eight vowels, the five vowels other than the short vowels are called “digha.”
The digha vowels are:
ā ī ū e o.
Tattha aṭṭhasu saresu rassehi aññe pañca sarā dīghā nāma honti.
Taṃ yathā?
ā ī ū e o,
iti dīghā nāma.
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀲𑀼 𑀲𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀅𑀜𑁆𑀜𑁂 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘 𑀲𑀭𑀸 𑀤𑀻𑀖𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀆 𑀈 𑀊 𑀏 𑀑,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀤𑀻𑀖𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
तत्थ अट्ठसु सरेसु रस्सेहि अञ्ञे पञ्च सरा दीघा नाम होन्ति।
तं यथा?
आ ई ऊ ए ओ,
इति दीघा नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 25: Dīghaṃ (long vowels)6 [R6] Remaining (letters) are byañjanā (consonants)
𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀸 𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀸 (sesā byañjanā)
saññā
anvattha
byañjana means “attribute, sign, mark” and in the context of Kaccāyana it means “consonant”, because consonants are “signs” that manifest the meaning of a word. From a metrical perspective, they are regarded as having a length of half a morae.Having set aside the eight vowels, the (remaining) letters starting with ka and ending with the niggahita (aṃ) are named byañjana (consonants).
The byañjanā are:
ka kha ga gha ṅa,
ca cha ja jha ña,
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa,
ta tha da dha na,
pa pha ba bha ma,
ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ.
Ṭhapetvā aṭṭha sare sesā akkharā kakārādayo niggahitantā byañjanā nāma honti.
Taṃ yathā?
ka kha ga gha ṅa,
ca cha ja jha ña,
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa,
ta tha da dha na,
pa pha ba bha ma,
ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ,
iti byañjanā nāma.
𑀞𑀧𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀸 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 𑀲𑀭𑁂 𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀸 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀸 𑀓𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀬𑁄 𑀦𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀓 𑀔 𑀕 𑀖 𑀗,
𑀘 𑀙 𑀚 𑀛 𑀜,
𑀝 𑀞 𑀟 𑀠 𑀡,
𑀢 𑀣 𑀤 𑀥 𑀦,
𑀧 𑀨 𑀩 𑀪 𑀫,
𑀬 𑀭 𑀮 𑀯 𑀲 𑀳 𑀍𑀅 𑀅𑀁,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
ठपेत्वा अट्ठ सरे सेसा अक्खरा ककारादयो निग्गहितन्ता ब्यञ्जना नाम होन्ति।
तं यथा?
क ख ग घ ङ,
च छ ज झ ञ,
ट ठ ड ढ ण,
त थ द ध न,
प फ ब भ म,
य र ल व स ह ऌअ अं,
इति ब्यञ्जना नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 23: Sarā pakati byañjane (vowels naturally in consonants)7 [R9] vagga: 5 by 5 (consonants) ending with ma
𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀲𑁄 𑀫𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀸 (vaggā pañcapañcaso mantā)
saññā
anvattha
vagga means “group” or “series”.The consonants starting with ka and ending with ma arranged in five groups of five, are named vagga (grouped).
ka kha ga gha ṅa,
ca cha ja jha ña,
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa,
ta tha da dha na,
pa pha ba bha ma.
Tesaṃ kho byañjanānaṃ kakārādayo makārantā pañcapañcaso akkharavanto vaggā nāma honti.
Taṃ yathā?
ka kha ga gha ṅa,
ca cha ja jha ña,
ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa,
ta tha da dha na,
pa pha ba bha ma,
iti vaggā nāma.
𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀁 𑀔𑁄 𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀸𑀦𑀁 𑀓𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀬𑁄 𑀫𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀸 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀲𑁄 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀯𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁄 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀦𑁆𑀢𑀺𑁇
𑀢𑀁 𑀬𑀣𑀸?
𑀓 𑀔 𑀕 𑀖 𑀗,
𑀘 𑀙 𑀚 𑀛 𑀜,
𑀝 𑀞 𑀟 𑀠 𑀡,
𑀢 𑀣 𑀤 𑀥 𑀦,
𑀧 𑀨 𑀩 𑀪 𑀫,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀯𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
तेसं खो ब्यञ्जनानं ककारादयो मकारन्ता पञ्चपञ्चसो अक्खरवन्तो वग्गा नाम होन्ति।
तं यथा?
क ख ग घ ङ,
च छ ज झ ञ,
ट ठ ड ढ ण,
त थ द ध न,
प फ ब भ म,
इति वग्गा नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 31: Vaggantaṃ vā vagge (end-of-groups vs groups)8 [R10] aṃ: niggahita
𑀅𑀁 𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀦𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀁 (aṃ iti niggahitaṃ)
saññā
anvattha
niggahita is a technical term referring to a nasalised after sound (Sanskrit: anusvāra) following a vowel. It is sometimes referred to as a vowel, but Kaccāyana classifies it as a consonant.The aṃ letter is named niggahita (nasal consonant).
Aṃ iti niggahitaṃ nāma hoti.
𑀅𑀁 𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀦𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀁 𑀦𑀸𑀫 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺𑁇
अं इति निग्गहितं नाम होति।
Applicability
Refer to rule 30: Aṃ byañjane niggahitaṃ (“aṃ” in consonants: niggahita)9 [R11] Other grammatical terms used
𑀧𑀭𑀲𑀫𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸 𑀧𑀬𑁄𑀕𑁂 (parasamaññā payoge)
paribhāsā
saññaṅga
ghosa means “sound” and is used to refer to “sonants” (consonants voiced with “sonority”) whereas aghosa is used to refer to “surds” (consonants pronounced with unintonated breath). Note that these are just two examples of Sanskrit technical terms that Kaccāyana says are applicable, others are used without definition, so Kaccāyana expects readers to be familiar with Sanskrit grammar.Terms such as ghosa (voiced) and aghosa (unvoiced) used in other texts (ie. Sanskrit grammar) are applicable here, keeping in mind when they are required to be used.
ghosā letters:
ga gha ṅa,
ja jha ña,
ḍa ḍha ṇa,
da dha na,
ba bha ma,
ya ra la va ha ḷa.
aghosā letters:
ka kha,
ca cha,
ṭa ṭha,
ta tha,
pa pha,
sa.
Yā ca pana paresu sakkataganthesu samaññā ghosāti vā aghosāti vā, tā payoge sati etthāpi yujjante.
Tattha ghosā nāma -
ga gha ṅa,
ja jha ña,
ḍa ḍha ṇa,
da dha na,
ba bha ma,
ya ra la va ha ḷa,
iti ghosā nāma.
Aghosā nāma -
ka kha,
ca cha,
ṭa ṭha,
ta tha,
pa pha,
sa,
iti aghosā nāma.
𑀬𑀸 𑀘 𑀧𑀦 𑀧𑀭𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀣𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀲𑀫𑀜𑁆𑀜𑀸 𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺 𑀯𑀸 𑀅𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺 𑀯𑀸, 𑀢𑀸 𑀧𑀬𑁄𑀕𑁂 𑀲𑀢𑀺 𑀏𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀸𑀧𑀺 𑀬𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁂𑁇
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 -
𑀕 𑀖 𑀗,
𑀚 𑀛 𑀜,
𑀟 𑀠 𑀡,
𑀤 𑀥 𑀦,
𑀩 𑀪 𑀫,
𑀬 𑀭 𑀮 𑀯 𑀳 𑀍𑀅,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
𑀅𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫 -
𑀓 𑀔,
𑀘 𑀙,
𑀝 𑀞,
𑀢 𑀣,
𑀧 𑀨,
𑀲,
𑀇𑀢𑀺 𑀅𑀖𑁄𑀲𑀸 𑀦𑀸𑀫𑁇
या च पन परेसु सक्कतगन्थेसु समञ्ञा घोसाति वा अघोसाति वा, ता पयोगे सति एत्थापि युज्जन्ते।
तत्थ घोसा नाम -
ग घ ङ,
ज झ ञ,
ड ढ ण,
द ध न,
ब भ म,
य र ल व ह ऌअ,
इति घोसा नाम।
अघोसा नाम -
क ख,
च छ,
ट ठ,
त थ,
प फ,
स,
इति अघोसा नाम।
Applicability
Refer to rule 29: Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā10 [R12] Detach vowel from preceeding/succeeding (phonemes, to create) vowelless (consonants)
𑀧𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀁 𑀅𑀥𑁄𑀞𑀺𑀢𑀁 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀭𑀁 𑀲𑀭𑁂𑀦 𑀯𑀺𑀬𑁄𑀚𑀬𑁂 (pubbaṃ adhoṭhitaṃ assaraṃ sarena viyojaye)
paribhāsā
vidhyaṅga
In that regard, those wishing to make “sandhi” should detach the vowel(s) from the preceeding and succeeding consonants (end phoneme of preceeding word, and first phoneme of succeeding word).
Tattha sandhiṃ kattukāmo pubbabyañjanaṃ adhoṭhitaṃ assaraṃ katvā sarañca upari katvā sarena viyojaye.
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀣 𑀲𑀦𑁆𑀥𑀺𑀁 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀓𑀸𑀫𑁄 𑀧𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀁 𑀅𑀥𑁄𑀞𑀺𑀢𑀁 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀭𑀁 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀸 𑀲𑀭𑀜𑁆𑀘 𑀉𑀧𑀭𑀺 𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀯𑀸 𑀲𑀭𑁂𑀦 𑀯𑀺𑀬𑁄𑀚𑀬𑁂𑁇
तत्थ सन्धिं कत्तुकामो पुब्बब्यञ्जनं अधोठितं अस्सरं कत्वा सरञ्च उपरि कत्वा सरेन वियोजये।
tatrāyamādi
🔼(tatra) 🚹①⨀(ima) 🚹①⨀(ādi)
in that place | this | starting with
tatra + ayaṃ + ādi
→ ta + (tr + a) + (a) + (ya + ṃ) + (ā) + di (rule 10)
→ ta + tr + (a + a) + ya + ṃ + ā + di (rule 12)
→ ta + tr + (a→ā) + ya + ṃ + ā + di (rule 15)
→ ta + tr + ā + ya + (ṃ→m + ā) + di (rule 34)
→ ta + (tr + ā) + ya + (m + ā) + di (rule 11)
→ tatrāyamādi
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭 + 𑀅𑀬𑀁 + 𑀆𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢 + (𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀅) + (𑀅) + (𑀬 + 𑀅𑀁) + (𑀆) + 𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢 + 𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + (𑀅 + 𑀅) + 𑀬 + 𑀅𑀁 + 𑀆 + 𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢 + 𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + (𑀅→𑀆) + 𑀬 + 𑀅𑀁 + 𑀆 + 𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢 + 𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀆 + 𑀬 + (𑀅𑀁→𑀫𑁆 + 𑀆) + 𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢 + (𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀆) + 𑀬 + (𑀫𑁆 + 𑀆) + 𑀤𑀺
→ 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀬𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀺
तत्र + अयं + आदि
→ त + (त्र् + अ) + (अ) + (य + अं) + (आ) + दि
→ त + त्र् + (अ + अ) + य + अं + आ + दि
→ त + त्र् + (अ→आ) + य + अं + आ + दि
→ त + त्र् + आ + य + (अं→म् + आ) + दि
→ त + (त्र् + आ) + य + (म् + आ) + दि
→ तत्रायमादि
11 [R14] Connect next if applicable
𑀦𑀬𑁂 𑀧𑀭𑀁 𑀬𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (naye paraṃ yutte)
paribhāsā
vidhyaṅga
The final vowelless consonant (in the preceeding word) must be connected to the next phoneme (first phoneme of the succeeding word).
Assaraṃ kho byañjanaṃ adhoṭhitaṃ1 parakkharaṃ naye yutte.
The CSCD edition misspells this as
adhoṭhataṃ. ↩︎
𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀭𑀁 𑀔𑁄 𑀩𑁆𑀬𑀜𑁆𑀚𑀦𑀁 𑀅𑀥𑁄𑀞𑀺𑀢𑀁 𑀧𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭𑀁 𑀦𑀬𑁂 𑀬𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑁇
अस्सरं खो ब्यञ्जनं अधोठितं परक्खरं नये युत्ते।
tatrābhiratimiccheyya
🔼(tatra) 🚺②⨀(abhirati) ⏯🤟⨀(icchati)
in that place | pleasure in | will desire
tatra + abhiratiṃ + iccheyya
→ ta + (tr + a) + (a) + bhira + (ti + ṃ) + (i + c) + cheyya (rule 10)
→ tatr + (a + a) + bhira + ti + ṃ + i + ccheyya (rule 12)
→ tatr + (a→ā) + bhirati + ṃ + i + ccheyya (rule 15)
→ tatr + ā + bhirati + (ṃ→m + i) + ccheyya (rule 34)
→ ta + (tr + ā) + bhirati + (m + i) + ccheyya (rule 11)
→ ta + trā + bhirati + mi + ccheyya
→ tatrābhiratimiccheyya
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭 + 𑀅𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺𑀁 + 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢 + (𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀅) + (𑀅) + 𑀪𑀺𑀭 + (𑀢𑀺 + 𑀅𑀁) + (𑀇 + 𑀘𑁆) + 𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + (𑀅 + 𑀅) + 𑀪𑀺𑀭 + 𑀢𑀺 + 𑀅𑀁 + 𑀇 + 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + (𑀅→𑀆) + 𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 + 𑀅𑀁 + 𑀇 + 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀆 + 𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 + (𑀅𑀁→𑀫𑁆 + 𑀇) + 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢 + (𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁆 + 𑀆) + 𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 + (𑀫𑁆 + 𑀇) + 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢 + 𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀸 + 𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺 + 𑀫𑀺 + 𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
→ 𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀭𑀢𑀺𑀫𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬
तत्र + अभिरतिं + इच्छेय
→ त + (त्र् + अ) + (अ) + भिर + (ति + अं) + (इ + च्) + छेय्य
→ तत्र् + (अ + अ) + भिर + ति + अं + इ + च्छेय्य
→ तत्र् + (अ→आ) + भिरति + अं + इ + च्छेय्य
→ तत्र् + आ + भिरति + (अं→म् + इ) + च्छेय्य
→ त + (त्र् + आ) + भिरति + (म् + इ) + च्छेय्य
→ त + त्रा + भिरति + मि + च्छेय्य
→ तत्राभिरतिमिच्छेय्यय
Akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me
In the above text (from Dhp 3) the rule is not applicable, so there are no connections (between the preceeding vowels and the following consonants, or between the final niggahita and the following vowel)