𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀯𑀢𑀸𑀭 (Bālāvatāra)

• 1: 0 Paṇāma (Salutation)
• 2: 1. Sandhi kaṇḍa
• 3: Bālāvatāra (CSCD4)

1 - 0 Paṇāma (Salutation)

Pali

Ka

Sabbaṃ niruttipathapāragataṃ sabuddhaṃ,
Buddhaṃ tilokatilakaṃ hatapāpadhammaṃ;
Dhammaṃ vimuttisukhadaṃ vihatāghasaṃghaṃ,
Saṃghaṃ ca niccamabhivandiya dakkhiṇeyyaṃ.

Kha

Vuddhippattosmi muddho mama varagaravo sīlapaññādisobhe,
Candādicceva suddhe varajinaṭhapite sāsanābbhe patīte;
Nissāyevā tipemā paṇamiya sirasā niccamesaṃ saritvā,
Pādambhoje guṇagge hataduritamalo ānubhāvena tassā.

Ga

Porāṇa sīhaḷa padattha vinicchayañca,
Sabbampi māgadhaniruttinayaṃ pasatthaṃ;
Aññañca nekavidha sakkata saddasatthaṃ,
Pāramparābhata matañca nisamma sammā.

Gha

Bālāvatāra varamāgadha saddasatthe,
Dubbodha nekapadaattha vinicchayena;
Atthāya ādhunika bālaparamparāya,
Bālāvatāra varagaṇṭhipadaṃ karissaṃ.

Ṅa

Niccaṃ ye mettha bālā varahadayayutā suṭṭhu nikkhittanettā,
Puṇṇe nānānayānaṃ suratarusadise dhīrapāsaṃsiye ve;
Gambhīraṃ duttaraṃ te jinavacanudadhiṃ tiṇṇathāmā bhaveyyuṃ,
Laddhopāyā ca candaṃ taditarapacuraṃ sakkataṃ sotukāmā.

Ca

Ganthanipphattiyā sesa – dukkarattaṃ yathāvato;
Jānanti kusalā dhīrā, nekasatthantarādisu;
Ganthesu guṇadosampi, teyeva vidurā sadā.

Cha

Tasmā ettha pamādādi – dosaleso bhave yadi;
Porāṇāceraladdhīhi, vilomaṃ vā bhaveyya ce.

Ja

Ganthantaraṃ vigāhetvā, vicāretvā punappunaṃ;
Yuttimeva ca gaṇhantu, hutvā vīmaṃsabuddhikāti.

English Translation

A

To everyone who has gone beyond the interpretation of words, and understood well,
The Buddha, the jewel of the three worlds, eradicator of evil nature;
The Dhamma, granting the joy of liberation, removing many sins,
And the Sangha, always worthy of the highest honour and offerings.

B

Alas, I am dull-witted, my discernment is veiled, my virtues and wisdom are flawed,
Like the moon eclipsed by clouds, my character is tarnished, my teachings are defiled;
Yet, I take refuge in the Triple Gem, I humbly bow my head, I constantly pay tribute,
With the stain of misdeeds washed away, I stand in the radiant presence of the Enlightened One, pure and untainted.

C

The ancient Sinhala language, its nuances and interpretations,
Are fully comprehended through the Magadhan language and its articulation;
Moreover, diverse languages, their phonetics and semantics,
Are thoroughly grasped, and their ultimate essence is accurately discerned.

D

The sublime Magadhan language, with its refined expressions,
Is challenging to comprehend for some, due to its intricate subtleties;
To facilitate understanding for contemporary novices and honor the traditional lineage,
I will craft a gentle introduction, a gateway to comprehension.

E

Always, those who are wise and compassionate, with gentle hearts and clear minds,
Like full moons shining in various ways, with calm and peaceful demeanor;
The deep and difficult ocean of the Buddha’s teachings, with its threefold meaning,
May be crossed with ease, and the moon of wisdom, with its cooling rays, be reached by those who yearn to hear.

F

Completing the text is a challenging task, akin to reaching the end of a long journey;
The wise and astute individuals recognize this, having studied various teachings and scriptures;
They are also aware of the flaws in virtues, even within the texts themselves, and remain vigilant.

G

Therefore, here, heedlessness and other defects may arise;
If one is possessed by old habits, it may lead to a reversal (of progress).

H

Having thoroughly analyzed the text, and having repeatedly investigated;
They should precisely grasp the meaning, with a mind sharpened by critical inquiry.

ChatGPT 4o translation

[Ka]

I revere the Buddha, who has crossed all paths of expression,
The all-knowing, the jewel of the three worlds, who destroyed evil;
I revere the Dhamma, which gives the bliss of liberation,
And the Sangha, free from defilements, always worthy of offerings.

[Kha]

Having attained growth, though I am foolish, I hold deep respect,
For the noble virtues like moral conduct and wisdom that shine;
As the pure moon and sun, by the blessed Buddha established,
I bow my head in reverence, remembering them always,
To those feet, adorned with supreme qualities, that destroy all evil,
May their power guide me, as I express my devotion.

[Ga]

Considering the ancient Sīhaḷa explanations of words,
And the entire well-regarded path of Māgadha expression,
And various other honored grammatical treatises,
And the inherited doctrines passed down correctly.

[Gha]

In this treatise, “Bālāvatāra,” the supreme Māgadha grammar,
With difficult words and meanings analyzed,
For the benefit of the modern generation of learners,
I shall compose this “Bālāvatāra,” a text with clear explanations.

[Ṅa]

May those who are truly wise, with hearts full of excellence,
And eyes well-opened by deep insight,
In this ocean of the Buddha’s profound teachings,
Find the means to cross over the difficult, deep, and immense sea,
And receive the pure, honored, and much-desired moon of knowledge.

[Ca]

The experts, the wise ones,
Understand the vast difficulties in composing such a text,
In various disciplines and treatises,
They know well the virtues and faults in all compositions.

[Cha]

Therefore, if here there be any faults like negligence,
Or if it contradicts the ancient and well-established doctrines,

[Ja]

Let those who examine deeply,
After thoroughly investigating other treatises,
Accept only what is reasonable,
And be endowed with discerning wisdom.

Claude 3.5 sonnet translation

[Ka] I bow always to the All-Knowing Buddha, master of all linguistic paths, The Buddha, ornament of three worlds, destroyer of evil dharmas; To the Dharma, giver of liberation’s bliss, dispeller of afflictions, And to the Sangha, worthy of offerings, forever venerable.

[Kha] I’ve attained wisdom, devoted to the noble one, adorned with virtue and wisdom, In the pure, celebrated teachings established by the noble Victor, like the moon and sun; Relying on these three, bowing my head, always remembering them, At their lotus feet, supreme in virtues, my impurities destroyed by their power.

[Ga] Having properly considered the ancient Sinhalese word meanings, All the praised methods of Magadhi grammar, And various other Sanskrit grammatical treatises, As well as traditionally transmitted opinions,

[Gha] In this excellent Magadhi grammar called Bālāvatāra, With explanations of many difficult word meanings, For the benefit of successive generations of novices, I shall compose a noble commentary called Bālāvatāra.

[Ṅa] May those constant novices here, endowed with noble hearts, eyes well-fixed, On this tree of knowledge full of various methods, praiseworthy to the wise; Cross the deep, hard-to-cross ocean of the Victor’s words with strength, And, having gained the means, desire to hear other abundant Sanskrit works.

[Ca] Skilled sages know well the remaining difficulties In completing a treatise, as they truly are; They alone always discern the merits and flaws In various texts and other works.

[Cha] Therefore, if there be any trace of error Due to negligence or such in this work, Or if it should contradict The tenets of ancient teachers,

[Ja] Having delved into other texts, And examined them again and again, May they accept only what is reasonable, Becoming analytical in their understanding.

Homage

1. Buddhaṃ tidhā bhivanditvā, buddhambuja vilocanaṃ (Having praised the Buddha three times, the lotus-eyed Buddha)

Bālāvatāraṃ bhāsissaṃ, bālānaṃ buddhivuddhiyā.

I will explain the “Bālāvatāra”, an introduction for beginners, for the development of understanding.

2 - 1. Sandhi kaṇḍa

Saññā (Representation)

2. Akkharāpādayo ekacattālīsaṃ (41 letters)

Akkharāpi akārādayo ekacattālīsaṃ suttantopakārā. Taṃ yathā-a ā-i ī-u ū-e o, ka kha ga gha ṅa, ca cha ja jha ña, ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa, ta tha da dha na, pa pha ba bha ma, ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ-iti.

The letters beginning with ‘a’ are forty-one, useful for the suttas. They are as follows: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, o, ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ.

3. Tatthodantāsarā aṭṭha (8 vowels ending with “o”)

Tattha akkharesu okārantā aṭṭha sarā nāma. Tattheti vattate.

The first 8 letters ending with “o” are called “sarā” (vowels).

4. Lahumattā tayo rassā (3 short vowels)

Tattha saresu lahumattā a, i, u iti tayo rassā.

The three metrically light vowels are called “rassā” (short): a, i, u.

5. Aññe dīghā (other vowels are long)

Tattha saresu rassehaññe dīghā.

Saṃyogato pubbe eo rassā ivoccante, anantarā byañjanā saṃyogo. Ettha, seyyo, oṭṭho, sotthi.

The other vowels are metrically heavy and called “dīghā” (long).

“E” and “o: before conjunct consonant clusters and double consonants are articulated short.

• seyyo
• oṭṭho
• sotthi

6. Sesā byañjanā (The rest are consonants)

Sare ṭhapetvā sesā kādayo niggahītantā byañjanā.

The rest of the letters, beginning with “ka”, are “byañjanā” (consonants).

7. Vaggā pañcapañcaso mantā (Five groups of 5 ending with “ma”)

Byañjanānaṃ kādayo makārantā pañcapañcaso akkharavanto vaggā.

There are 5 groups of 5 letters, beginning with “ka” and ending with “ma”.

• “ka”-group

  𑀓

  ka /k/

  𑀔

  kha /kʰ/

  𑀕

  ga /ɡ/

  𑀖

  gha /ɡʱ/

  𑀗

  ṅa /ŋ/
• “ca”-group

  𑀘

  ca /c/

  𑀙

  cha /cʰ/

  𑀚

  ja /ɟ/

  𑀛

  jha /ɟʱ/

  𑀜

  ña /ɲ/
• “ṭa”-group

  𑀝

  ṭa /ʈ/

  𑀞

  ṭha /ʈʰ/

  𑀟

  ḍa /ɖ/

  𑀠

  ḍha /ɖʱ/

  𑀡

  ṇa /ɳ/
• “ta”-group

  𑀢

  ta /t̪/

  𑀣

  tha /t̪ʰ/

  𑀤

  da /d̪/

  𑀥

  dha /d̪ʱ/

  𑀦

  na /n/
• “pa”-group

  𑀧

  pa /p/

  𑀨

  pha /pʰ/

  𑀩

  ba /b/

  𑀪

  bha /bʱ/

  𑀫

  ma /m/

8. Vaggānaṃ paṭhamadutiyā so cāghoso. Ḷantāññe ghosā. (voiced and unvoiced consonants)

Ghosāghosasaññā ca ‘‘parasamaññā payoge’’ti saṅgahītā. Evaṃ liṅga, sabbanāma, pada, upasagga, nipāta, taddhita, ākhyāta, kammappavacanīyādisaññā ca.

The first and second letters in each group, and “sa”, are “āghosa” (unvoiced, or surds). The remaining letters until “ḷa” are “ghosa” (voiced, or sonants).

These terms (āghosa and ghosa) are adopted from Sanskrit grammar in accordance with Kaccāyana’s “parasamaññā payoge” rule, as are other terms such as:

• liṅga (grammatical gender)
• sabbanāma (pronoun)
• pada (word)
• upasagga (prefix)
• nipāta (particle)
• taddhita (derived word)
• ākhyāta (verb)
• kammappavacanīyādisaññā (other words representing actions)

9. Aṃiti niggahītaṃ (“aṃ” is niggahīta or “nasal consonant”)

Aṃiti akārato paraṃ yo bindu sūyate, taṃ niggahītaṃ nāma.

Bindu cūḷāmaṇākāro, niggahītanti vuccate.

Kevalassā ppayogattā, akāro sannidhīyate.

The “dot” that is above the letter “𑀅” (“a”) - written as “𑀅𑀁” (aṃ) is called the niggahīta or “nasal consonant”. The “dot” represents a small jewel, and is pronounced as a nasalised “stop”. The niggahīta (ṃ) usually follows the letter “a” (“𑀅”), that is why the letter is written as “a” with a dot (“𑀅𑀁”).

10. A, kavagga, hā kaṇḍajā, i, cavagga, yā tālujā, u, pavaggā oṭṭhajā, ṭavagga, ra, ḷā muddhajā, tavagga, la, sā dantajā, e kaṇṭhatālujo, o kaṇṭhoṭṭhajo, vo dantoṭṭhajo (Pronunciation)

Sarasandhi (Vowel sandhi)

Loka aggoityasmiṃ ‘‘pubbamadhoṭhita massaraṃ sarena viyojaye’’ti pubbabyañjanaṃ sarato puthakkātabbaṃ.

For example, loka + aggo (best in the world):

• Before succeeding word, detach vowel from (vowel-less) consonant, in accordance to Kaccāyana’s “pubbaṃ adhoṭhitaṃ assaraṃ sarena viyojaye” rule: lo + (k + a) + aggo
• Vowel should be separated before consonant: lok + a + (a + g) + go

11. Sarā sare lopaṃ (elide vowel before vowel)

Anantare sare pare sarā lopaṃ papponti.

‘‘Naye paraṃ yutte’’ti assaro byañjano parakkharaṃ netabbo lokaggo.

• Elide vowel before another vowel: lok + (a + a) + ggo
• The vowel-less consonant should be joined to the next vowel, in accordance to Kaccāyana’s “naye paraṃ yutte” rule: lo + (k + a) + ggo
• Final result: lokaggo

Saretyasmiṃ opasilesiko kāsasattamī, tato vaṇṇakālabyavadhāne kāriyaṃ na hoti. Yathā-maṃ ahā sīti, ‘‘pamādamanuyuñjantī’’tyādigāthāyaṃ ‘janā appamāda’nti ca. Evaṃ sabbasandhīsu.

There is no elision of a vowel + niggahīta, or after a metrical pause which prohibit the application of sandhi.

Examples:

• maṃ + ahāsi (no elision as vowels are separated by “ṃ”)

• in the verse starting with “pamādamanuyuñjanti” (Dhp 26):

  pamādamanuyuñjanti bālā dummedhino janā |
  appamādañca medhāvi dhanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ’va rakkhati ||

  No vowel is elided between janā + appamādañca due to metrical pause. Thus for all sandhis.

Anantaraṃ parassa sarassa lopaṃ vakkhati, tasmānena pubbassa lopo ñāyati, teneva sattamīniddiṭṭhassa paratāpi gamyate.

Regarding the elision following another vowel, the elision of the previous vowel is understood because of the use of the 7th (locative) case for “sare”.

Saretyadhikāro. Pana ime pana imetīha-sarā lopaṃ itveva.

For the next rule concerning vowels, consider elision of vowel for the example of pana + ime

12. Vā paro asarūpo (or, next dissimilar vowel is elided)

Asamānarūpāsaramhā paro saro vā lupyate, paname, panime.

As the vowels are dissimilar, either vowel can be elided:

• pana + ime = paname
• pana + ime = panime

Bandhussa iva, na upetītīdha –

And now let’s consider the example of bandhussa + iva.

13. Kvacāsavaṇṇaṃ lutte (optionally, substitution after elision)

Sare lutte parasarassa kvaci asavaṇṇo hotīti i u iccetesaṃ ṭhānāsannā e o. Bandhusseva. Nopeti.

After elision of previous vowel, the next vowel is sometimes changed to a different vowel, i.e. “i” and “u” becomes “e” and “o”:

• bandhussa + iva = bandhuss + (a + i) + va = bandhuss + (i→e) + va = bandhusseva
• na + upeti = n + (a + u) + peti = n + (u→o) + peti = nopeti

Tatra ayaṃ, yāni idha, bahu upakāraṃ, saddhā idha, tathā upamantyetasmiṃ –

Consider the following examples:

• tatra + ayaṃ
• yāni + idha
• bahu + upakāraṃ
• saddhā + idha
• tathā + upamaṃ

14. Dīghaṃ (next vowel becomes long)

Sare lutte paro saro kvaci ṭhānāsannaṃ dīghaṃ yāti. Tatrāyaṃ, yānīdha, bahūpakāraṃ, saddhīdha, tathūpamaṃ.

After elision of previous vowel, the next vowel is sometimes lengthened:

Examples:

• tatra + ayaṃ = tatr + (a + a) + yaṃ = tatr + (a→ā) + yaṃ = tatrāyaṃ
• yāni + idha = yān + (i + i) + dha = yān + (i→ī) + dha = yānīdha
• bahu + upakāraṃ = bah + (u + u) + pakāraṃ = bah + (u→ū) + pakāraṃ = bahūpakāraṃ
• saddhā + idha = saddh + (ā + i) + dha = saddh + (i→ī) + dha = saddhīdha
• tathā + upamaṃ = tath + (ā + u) + pamaṃ = tath + (u→ū) + pamaṃ = tathūpamaṃ

Kiṃsu idhetyatra –

Consider example kiṃsu + idha.

15. Pubbo ca (also, the previous vowel becomes long)

Sare lutte pubbo ca kvaci dīghaṃ yāti. Kiṃ sūdha.

After (optional) elision of (next) vowel, the previous vowel is sometimes lengthened:

• kiṃsu + idha = kiṃs + (u + i) + dha = kiṃs + (u→ū) + dha = kiṃsūdha

Te ajja, te ahaṃtettha –

Consider examples te + ajja and te + ahaṃ.

16. Yamedantassādeso (ending “e” is replaced with “y”)

Sare pare antassa ekārassa kvaci yo ādeso hoti, tyajja, ‘‘dīgha’’nti byañjane pare kvaci dīgho, tyāhaṃ.

“e” ending followed by another vowel is sometimes replaced by “y”, and sometimes the next vowel before consonant is also lengthened, in accordance with Kaccāyana’s “dīgha” rule.

• te + ajja = t + (e→y + a) + jja = tyajja
• te + ahaṃ = t + (e→y + a→ā) + haṃ = tyāhaṃ

Kvacīti kiṃ. Nettha.

What does “sometimes” mean? There are exceptions to the rule.

• na + ettha = n + (a + e) + ettha = nettha (rule not applied)

So assa, anu etityettha –

Consider examples so + assa and anu + eti.

17. Vamodudantānaṃ (ending “o” and “u” is replaced with “v”)

Sare pare anto kārukārānaṃ kvaci vo ādeso hoti. Svassa, anveti.

“o” and “u” ending followed by another vowel is sometimes replaced with “v”.

• so + assa = s + (o→v + a) + ssa = svassa
• anu + eti = an + (u→v + e) + ti = anveti

Kvacīti kiṃ. Tayassu, sametāyasmā.

Exceptions:

• tayo + assu = tay + (o + a) + ssu = tayassu (rule not applied)
• sametu + āyasmā = samet + (u + ā) + yasmā = sametāyasmā (rule not applied)

Idha ahaṃ tīdha –

Consider example idha + ahaṃ.

18. Do dhassa ca. (also, “d” from “dh”)

Sare pare dhassa kvaci do hoti. Dīghe – idāhaṃ. Kvacīti kiṃ. Idheva. Cakārena byañjanepi, idha bhikkhave.

“dh” ending followed by another vowel is sometimes replaced with “d”.

• idha + ahaṃ = idh + (a + a) + haṃ = i + (dh→d + a→ā) + haṃ = idāhaṃ

Exceptions:

• idha + eva = idh + (a + e) + va = idheva (rule not applied)

The replacement may occur even if “dha” is followed by a consonant letter.

• idha + bhikkhave = i + (dha→da) bhikkhave = idabhikkhave

Pati antaṃ, vutti assetīha –

Consider examples pati + antuṃ, and vutti + assa.

19. Ivaṇṇo yannavā (occasionally, “i”-vaṇṇa is replaced with “y”)

Sare pare ivaṇṇassa yo navā hoti. Kata yakārassa tissa ‘‘sabbo cantī’’ti kvaci cādese ‘‘paradvebhāvo ṭhāne’’ti sarato parabyañjanassa ṭhānāsannavasā dvittaṃ. Paccantaṃ, vutyassa.

“i”-vaṇṇa (“i” and “ī”) followed by another vowel is occasionally replaced with “y”. Sometimes, after “ti” is changed to “y”, “ty” becomes “c” (based on Kaccāyana’s “sabbo canti” rule), next consonant following vowel can be doubled (based on Kaccāyana’s “paradvebhāvo ṭhāne” rule).

• pati + antuṃ = pa + (ti→ty→c→cc + a) + ntaṃ = paccantaṃ
• vutti + assa = vut + (ti→y + a) + ssa = vutyassa

Navāti kiṃ. Paṭaggi,

Exception:

• pati + aggi = pat + (i + a) ++ ggi (rule not applied) = pa + (t→ṭ) + aggi = paṭaggi

Ettha ‘‘kvaci paṭi patisse’’ti patissa paṭi, vaṇṇaggahaṇaṃ sabbattha rassadīgha saṅgahaṇatthaṃ.

Here, following Kaccāyana’s “kvaci paṭi patisse” rule, “t” becomes “ṭ”, Using the term “vaṇṇa” refers to both short and long versions of a phoneme.

Yathā evetīha –

Consider example yathā + eva.

20. Evādissa ri pubbo ca rasso (start of “eva” replaced with “ri”, and shortening of previous vowel)

Sarato parassa evassādiekāro rittaṃ navā yāti. Pubbo ca ṭhānāsannaṃ rassaṃ. Yathariva. Yatheva.

Occasionally, the “e” of “eva” following vowel is changed to “ri”. The previous vowel is shortened.

• yathā + eva = yath + (ā→a + e→ri) + va = yathariva
• yathā + eva = yath + (ā + e) + va = yatheva (rule not applied)

Na imassa, ti aṅgikaṃ, lahu essati, attha atthaṃ, ito āyati, tasmā iha, sabbhi eva, cha abhiññā, putha eva, pā evatīha vā tveva –

Consider examples:

• na + imassa
• ti + aṅgikaṃ
• lahu + essati
• attha + atthaṃ
• ito + āyati
• tasmā + iha
• sabbhi + eva
• cha + abhiññā
• putha + eva
• pā + eva

21. Ya va ma da na ta ra ḷā cāgamā. (insertion of “y”, “v”, “m”, “d”, “n”, “t”, “r”, “ḷ”, “c”, “g”)

Sare pare yādayo āgamā vā honti, cakārena go ca. Nayimassa, tivaṅgikaṃ, lahumessati, attadatthaṃ, itonāyati, tasmātiha, sabbhireva, chaḷabhiñā, puthageva, ‘‘rassa’’nti byañjane pare kvaci rasso. Pageva.

“y”, “v”, “m”, “d”, “n”, “t”, “r”, “ḷ” can be inserted following a vowel. “c” and “g” also. The vowel before the insertion can sometimes be shortened.

• na + imassa = n + (a + y + i) + massa = nayimassa
• ti + aṅgikaṃ = t + (i + v + a) + ṅgikaṃ = tivaṅgikaṃ
• lahu + essati = lah + (u + m + e) + ssati = lahumessati
• attha + atthaṃ = atth + (a + d + a) + tthaṃ = attadatthaṃ
• ito + āyati = it + (o + n + ā) + yati = itonāyati
• tasmā + iha = tasm + (ā + t + i) + ha = tasmātiha
• sabbhi + eva = sabbh + (i + r + e) + va = sabbhireva
• cha + abhiññā = ch + (a + l + a) + bhiññā = chaḷabhiñā
• putha + eva = puth + (a + g + e) + va = puthageva
• pā + eva = p + (ā→a + g + e) + va = pageva

Vāti kiṃ. Cha abhiññā, putha eva, pā eva.

Ettha ‘‘sare kvacī’’ti sarānaṃ pakati hoti, sassarūpameva, na vikārotyattho.

Exceptions:

• cha abhiññā (no sandhi insertion)
• putha eva (no sandhi insertion)
• pā eva (no sandhi insertion)

According to Kaccāyana “sare kvaci” rule, sometimes there is no morphological transformation of original vowels.

Abhi uggatotyatra

Consider example of “abhi” + “uggato”.

22. Abbho abhi (“abbh” from “abhi”)

‘‘Abbho abhī’’ti abhissa abbho. Abbhuggato.

According to Kaccāyana “Abbho abhi” rule, “abhi” can become “abbh”

• abhi + uggato = abh + (i→h) + uggato = abbhuggato

Byañjanasandhi (Consonant sandhi)

Byañjanetyadhikāro. Kvacītveva. So bhikkhu, kacci nu tvaṃ, jānema tantīha –

The following rules sometimes apply for consonants at start of word to be joined to previous word.

Consider examples:

• so + bhikkhu
• kacci + nu + tvaṃ
• jānema + taṃ

23. Lopañca tatrākāro (elision, then insertion of “a” in place)

Byañjane pare sarānaṃ kvaci lopohoti, tatra lutte ṭhāne akārāgamo, cakārena okārukārāpi. Sabhikkhu kaccino tvaṃ, jānemu taṃ.

Vowel is sometimes elided if followed by consonant, and in place of the elision “a” is inserted. Instead of “a”, “o” and “u” can also be inserted.

• so + bhikkhu = s + (o→a) + bhikkhu = sabhikkhu
• kacci + nu + tvaṃ = kacci + n + (u→o) + tvaṃ = kaccino tvaṃ
• jānema + taṃ = jānem + (a→u) + taṃ = jānemu taṃ

Kvacīti kiṃ, somuni.

Exception:

• so + muni = somuni (no rule applied)

Ughoso , ākhātantīha – dvebhāve ṭhāne itveva.

Consider examples (duplication in place):

• u + ghoso
• ākhātaṃ

24. Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā. (in “vagga” “ghosa/āghosa” 3rd and 1st)

Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ catutthadutiyānaṃ tabbagge tatiyapaṭhamā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ yutte ṭhāne, ugghoso, rasse akkhātaṃ.

Within a “vagga” (consonant group), the third letter (of the group) replaces voiced consonants, and the first letter replaces unvoiced consonants, in their respective positions when appropriate. This rule applies to aspiration and when a short vowel is indicated.

• u + ghoso = u + g + ghoso = ugghoso
• ā + khātaṃ = ā→a + k + khātaṃ = akkhātaṃ

Para sahassaṃ, atippakhotīha

Consider examples:

• para + sahassaṃ
• atippa + kho

25. kvaci o byañjane (sometimes “o” before consonant)

‘‘kvaci o byañjane’’ti okārāgamo. Parosahassaṃ. Gāgame ca, atippagokho.

In accordance to Kaccāyana rule “kvaci o byañjane”, in some cases, the vowel ‘o’ is inserted before a consonant.

Examples:

• para + sahassaṃ = par + (a + o) + sahassaṃ = parosahassaṃ (“more than a thousand”)
• atippa + kho = atippa + (g + o) + kho = atippagokho (after insertion of “g” in accordance to rule 21 (“Ya va ma da na ta ra ḷā cāgamā”)

Ava naddhātyatra

Consider transformation of “ava”.

26. o avasse (“o” from “ava”)

‘‘o avasse’’ti kvaci avassa o. Onaddhā.

According to Kaccāyana rule “o avasse”, “ava” is sometimes changed to “o”

Example:

• ava + naddhā = (ava→o) + naddhā = onaddhā

Kvacīti kiṃ. Avasussatu.

Exception:

• ava + sussatu = avasussatu (no rule applied)

Niggahītasandhi (Niggahita Sandhi)

Niggahītantyadhikāro . Kiṃ kato, saṃ jāto, saṃ ṭhito, taṃ dhanaṃ, taṃ mittantiha –

This is the section on words ending with niggahīta.

Consider examples:

• kiṃ + kato
• saṃ + jāto
• saṃ + ṭhito
• taṃ + dhanaṃ
• taṃ + mittaṃ

27. Vaggantaṃ vā vagge. (sometimes, end of “vagga” from ṃ before “vagga”)

Vaggabyañjane pare bindussa tabbagganto vā hoti. Kiṅkato, sañjāto, saṇṭhito, tandhanaṃ, tammittaṃ.

When a word ending in niggahīta (ṃ) is followed by a consonant of one of the five consonant groups (vagga), the niggahīta may optionally be changed to the nasal consonant of that group (the letter with the “dot” in that group).

Examples:

• kiṃ + kato = ki + (ṃ→ṅ + k) + ato = kiṅkato
• saṃ + jāto = sa + (ṃ→ñ + j) + āto = sañjāto
• saṃ + ṭhito = sa + (ṃ→ṇ + ṭ) + hito = saṇṭhito
• taṃ + dhanaṃ = ta + (ṃ→n + d) + hanaṃ = tandhanaṃ
• taṃ + mittaṃ = ta + (ṃ→m + m) + ittaṃ = tammittaṃ

Vāti kiṃ. Na taṃ kammaṃ.

Exception:

• na + taṃ + kammaṃ = nataṃkammaṃ (rule is not applied)

Vākāreneva le lo ca. Pulliṅgaṃ.

Similarly, “ṃ” can become “l” before another “l”

Example:

• puṃ + liṅgaṃ = pu (ṃ→l + l) + iṅgaṃ = pulliṅgaṃ

Vātyadhikāro . Evaṃ assa, etaṃ avocetīha –

Optional governing rule for examples:

• evaṃ + assa
• etaṃ + avoca

28. Madā sare. (“m” and “d” before vowels)

Sare pare binduno ma dā vā honti. Evamassa, etadavoca.

When a vowel follows a niggahita, sometimes the niggahita can be changed to “m” or “d”

Examples:

• evaṃ + assa = eva + (ṃ→m + a) + ssa = evamassa
• etaṃ + avoca = eta + (ṃ→d + a) + voca = etadavoca

Vāti kiṃ. Maṃ ajini.

Exception:

• maṃ + ajini (rule not applied)

Taṃ eva, taṃ hītīha –

Examples:

• taṃ + eva
• taṃ + hi

29. Eheñaṃ. (from “e”, “h” to “ñ”)

Ekāre, he ca pare binduno ño vā hoti. Dvitte – taññeva, tameva. Tañhi, taṃ hi.

When ’e’ or ‘he’ follows the niggahita (“ṃ”), it may optionally be changed to (potentially doubled) “ñ”.

Examples:

• taṃ + eva = ta + (ṃ→ññ + e) + va = taññeva
• taṃ + hi = ta + (ṃ→ñ + h) + i = tañhi

Exceptions:

• taṃ + eva = ta + (ṃ→m + e) + va = tameva
• taṃ + hi = taṃhi (rule not applied)

Saṃyogotīha –

Consider example “saṃ + yogo”.

30. Saye ca. (and with “y”)

Yakāre pare tena saha binduno ño vā hoti. Dvitte – saññogo, saṃyogo.

And for “y” - when niggahita (“ṃ”) is before “y”, it may optionally be changed to (potentially doubled) “ñ”.

Example:

• saṃ + yogo = sa + (ṃ→ññ + y) + ogo = saññogo

Exception:

• saṃ + yogo = saṃyogo (rule not applied)

Cakkhu aniccaṃ, ava sirotīha - āgamo, kvacitveva.

Consider examples - optional insertion of “ṃ”:

• cakkhu aniccaṃ
• ava siro

31. Niggahītañca. (and niggahitaṃ)

Sare, byañjane vā pare kvaci bindvāgamo hoti. Cakkhuṃaniccaṃ, avaṃsiro.

Sometimes, a niggahita (“ṃ”) is inserted before a following vowel or consonant.

• cakkhu + aniccaṃ = cakkh + (u + ṃ + a) + niccaṃ = cakkhuṃaniccaṃ
• ava + siro = av + (a + ṃ + s) + iro = avaṃsiro

Vidūnaṃ aggaṃ, tāsaṃ ahaṃtīha –

Consider examples:

• vidūnaṃ + aggaṃ
• tāsaṃ + ahaṃ

32. Kvaci lopaṃ (sometimes elision)

‘‘Kvaci lopaṃ’’ti sare bindulopo, vidūnaggaṃ. Dīghetāsāhaṃ.

According to Kaccāyana’s rule “Kvaci lopaṃ”, the niggahita (“ṃ”) before a vowel is sometimes elided (and the vowel can also be lengthened).

Examples:

• vidūnaṃ + aggaṃ = vidūna + (ṃ + a) + ggaṃ = vidūnaggaṃ
• tāsaṃ + ahaṃ = tāsa + (ṃ + a→ā) + haṃ = tāsāhaṃ

Buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ, saṃ rāgotīha –

Consider examples:

• buddhānaṃ + sāsanaṃ
• saṃ + rāgo

33. Byañjane ce (if consonant)

‘‘Byañjane ce’’ti bindulopo, buddhānasāsanaṃ. Dīghesārāgo.

According to Kaccāyana’s rule “Byañjane ce”, the niggahita (“ṃ”) before a consonant is sometimes elided (and the prior vowel can also be lengthened).

• buddhānaṃ + sāsanaṃ = buddhāna + (ṃ + s) + āsanaṃ = buddhānasāsanaṃ
• saṃ + rāgo = s + (a→ā + ṃ + r) + āgo = sārāgo

Bījaṃ ivetīha –

Consider example “bījaṃ ive”.

34. Paro vā saro. (or next vowel)

Binduto paro saro vā lupyate, bījaṃva.

The next vowel following a niggahita (ṃ) is optionally elided.

• bījaṃ + iva = bīja + (ṃ + i) + va = bījaṃva

Evaṃ assetīha –

Consider example “evaṃ assa”.

35. Byañjano ca visaññogo. (and detached consonant)

Binduto pare sare lutte saṃyogo byañjano vinaṭṭhasaṃyogo hotīti pubbasalopo. Evaṃsa.

After a vowel following a niggahita (ṃ) is elided, the attached consonant that has become unattached is dropped.

• evaṃ + assa = eva + (ṃ + a + s) + sa = evaṃsa

Vomissaka sandhī (Combination sandhi)

36. Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ vuttayogato. (besides those seen, apply combinations)

Idhāniddiṭṭhā sandhayo vuttānusārena ñe yyā, yathā – yadi evaṃ, bodhi aṅgātīha – yādese iminā suttena dayakārasaṃyogassa jo, dhayakārasaṃyogassa jho, dvitte – yajjevaṃ, bojjhaṅgā.

For unexplained sandhi conjunctions not previously seen, eg.:

• yadi + evaṃ
• bodhi + aṅgā

Apply whichever appropriate previously stated rules, eg.:

1. “d” attached to “y” becomes “j”
2. “dh” attached to “y” becomes “jh”

together with doubling:

• yadi + evaṃ = ya + (d→j + i + e) + vaṃ = yajjevaṃ
• bodhi + aṅgā = bo + (dh→jh + i + a) + ṅgā = bojjhaṅgā

37. Asadisasaṃyoge ekasarūpatā ca. (and dissimilar conjunctions becomes similar)

Pari esanātīha – yādese rakārassa yo, payyesanā.

Example: in “pari + esanā”, “r” becomes “y”:

• pari + esanā = pari + y + esanā (by rule 21 “ya va ma da na ta ra ḷā cāgamā”) = pa (r→y + i + y + e) + sanā = payyesanā

Translate the following Pali grammatical rule into English:

38. Vaṇṇānaṃ bahuttaṃ, viparītatā ca. (and various substitutions, reversals)

Sarati, iti eva, sā itthī, busaṃ eva, bahu ābādho, adhi abhavi, sukhaṃ, dukkhaṃ, jīvotīha –

Consider examples:

• √sar + a + ti
• iti + eva
• sā + itthī
• busaṃ + eva
• bahu + ābādho
• adhi abhavi
• sukhaṃ
• dukkhaṃ
• jīvo

Māgamo sakāre akārassa u ca, sumarati.

After “ma” is added after “sa”, previous “a” becomes “u”:

• √sar + a + ti = s + (a→u + ma) + rati = sumarati

Issa vo, itveva.

“i” becomes “v”:

• iti + eva = it + (i→v + e) + va = itveva

Paralope ākārassa o, sotthī.

When the next letter is elided, “ā” becomes “o”:

• sā + itthī = s + (ā→o + i) + tthī = sotthī

Mādese , pubbadīghe ca ekārassa i. Busāmiva.

When “m” is substituted and the preceding vowel is lengthened, “e” becomes “i”:

• busaṃ + eva = bus (a→ā + ṃ→m + e) + va = busāmiva

Vādese havakāravipariyayo. Bavhābādho.

When “v” is substituted, “h” and “v” are reversed:

• bahu + ābādho = bah + (u→v) + ābādho = ba + (hv→vh) + ābādho = bavhābādho

Adhissa kvaci addho, dīghe-addhābhavi.

Sometimes “adhi” becomes “addh”, with lengthening of following vowel:

• adhi + abhavi = (adhi→addh + a→ā) + bhavi = addhābhavi

Binduno, okārassa ca e. Sukhe, dukkhe, jīve.

“aṃ” and “o” becomes “e”:

• sukhaṃ = sukh + (aṃ→e) = sukhe
• dukkhaṃ = dukkh + (aṃ→e) = dukkhe
• jīvo = jīv + (o→e) = jīve

39. Radānaṃ ḷo (“r” and “d” replaced by “ḷ’)

paṭibodho, pariḷāho.

Examples:

• pari + bodho = pa + (r→ḷ) + i + bodho = paḷibodho
• pari + dāho = pari + (d→ḷ) + āho = pariḷāho

40. Sare, byañjane vā pare binduno kvaci mo. (Sometimes “ṃ” can become “ma” before a vowel or consonant.)

Mama abhāsi, buddhama saraṇaṃ, pubbe mo paraṃ na netabbo ayuttattā.

Examples:

• maṃ + bhāsi = ma + (ṃ→ma) + bhāsi = mamabhāsi
• buddhaṃ + saraṇaṃ = buddha + (ṃ→ma) + saraṇaṃ = buddhamasaraṇaṃ

pubbe mo paraṃ na netabbo ayuttattā

Exception: previous “m” should not be joined to next syllable if it’s inappropriate

41. Binduto parasarāna maññassaratāpi. (after an “ṃ” change to another letter, the following vowel can also change to another vowel)

Taṃ iminā, evaṃ imaṃ, kiṃ ahaṃ tīha-issa a. Tadaminā.

Issa u, akārassa ca e, bindulopādo. Evumaṃ, kehaṃ.

Examples:

• taṃ + iminā = ta + (ṃ→d + i→a) + minā = tadaminā
• evaṃ + imaṃ = eva + (ṃ→v + i→u) + maṃ = evumaṃ
• kiṃ + ahaṃ = k + (i + ṃ + a→e) + haṃ = kehaṃ

42. Vākyasukhuccāraṇatthaṃ, chandahānitthañca vaṇṇalopopi. (For ease of pronunciation in sentences and to maintain meter in verses, phonemes can be dropped)

Paṭisaṅkhāya yonisotīha – pubbayalopo, paṭisaṅkhāyoniso.

Example:

• paṭisaṅkhāya + yoniso = paṭisaṅkhā + (ya) + yoniso = paṭisaṅkhāyoniso

43. Alābūnityādo akāralopo. (eg. “alābūni”, the initial ‘a’ can be dropped)

Lābūni sīdanti, silā plavanti.

Examples:

• alābūni + sīdanti = a + lābūni + sīdanti = lābūni sīdanti
• silā plavanti

44. Vutyabhedāya vikāropi. (Changes can also occur to avoid breaking metrical rules)

Akaramhase tetyādo sakāre garuno ekārassa iminā lahuakāro, akaramhasa te kiccaṃ.

Example, the long “e” in “se” should become short “a”:

• akaramhase te = akaramhas + (e→a) + te = akaramhasa te

45. Akkharaniyamo chandaṃ, garulahuniyamo bhave vutti. (The arrangement of letters forms meter, and the pattern of heavy and light syllables forms rhythm.)

Dīgho, saṃyogādipubbo rasso ca garu, lahu tu rasso. Yathā- ā, assa, aṃ, a.

A long vowel or a short vowel followed by a conjunct consonant is heavy; a short vowel is light.

Examples:

• ā (heavy)
• assa (heavy + light)
• aṃ (heavy)
• a (light)

46. Evamaññāpi viññeyyā, saṃhitā tantiyā hitā. (Other sandhi rules should be understood as beneficial connections to the text.)

Saṃhitāti ca vaṇṇānaṃ, sannidhabyavadhānato.

These connections between symbols are for euphonic agreement.

3 - Bālāvatāra (CSCD4)

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

Paṇāma

[Ka]

Sabbaṃ niruttipathapāragataṃ sabuddhaṃ,
Buddhaṃ tilokatilakaṃ hatapāpadhammaṃ;
Dhammaṃ vimuttisukhadaṃ vihatāghasaṃghaṃ,
Saṃghaṃ ca niccamabhivandiya dakkhiṇeyyaṃ.

[Kha]

Vuddhippattosmi muddho mama varagaravo sīlapaññādisobhe,
Candādicceva suddhe varajinaṭhapite sāsanābbhe patīte;
Nissāyevā tipemā paṇamiya sirasā niccamesaṃ saritvā,
Pādambhoje guṇagge hataduritamalo ānubhāvena tassā.

[Ga]

Porāṇa sīhaḷa padattha vinicchayañca,
Sabbampi māgadhaniruttinayaṃ pasatthaṃ;
Aññañca nekavidha sakkata saddasatthaṃ,
Pāramparābhata matañca nisamma sammā.

[Gha]

Bālāvatāra varamāgadha saddasatthe,
Dubbodha nekapadaattha vinicchayena;
Atthāya ādhunika bālaparamparāya,
Bālāvatāra varagaṇṭhipadaṃ karissaṃ.

[Ṅa]

Niccaṃ ye mettha bālā varahadayayutā suṭṭhu nikkhittanettā,
Puṇṇe nānānayānaṃ suratarusadise dhīrapāsaṃsiye ve;
Gambhīraṃ duttaraṃ te jinavacanudadhiṃ tiṇṇathāmā bhaveyyuṃ,
Laddhopāyā ca candaṃ taditarapacuraṃ sakkataṃ sotukāmā.

[Ca]

Ganthanipphattiyā sesa – dukkarattaṃ yathāvato;
Jānanti kusalā dhīrā, nekasatthantarādisu;
Ganthesu guṇadosampi, teyeva vidurā sadā.

[Cha]

Tasmā ettha pamādādi – dosaleso bhave yadi;
Porāṇāceraladdhīhi, vilomaṃ vā bhaveyya ce.

[Ja]

Ganthantaraṃ vigāhetvā, vicāretvā punappunaṃ;
Yuttimeva ca gaṇhantu, hutvā vīmaṃsabuddhikāti.

1. Buddhaṃ tidhā bhivanditvā, buddhambuja vilocanaṃ.

Bālāvatāraṃ bhāsissaṃ, bālānaṃ buddhivuddhiyā.

1. Sandhi kaṇḍa

Saññā

2. Akkharāpādayo ekacattālīsaṃ.

Akkharāpi akārādayo ekacattālīsaṃ suttantopakārā. Taṃ yathā-a ā-i ī-u ū-e o, ka kha ga gha ṅa, ca cha ja jha ña, ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa, ta tha da dha na, pa pha ba bha ma, ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ-iti.

3. Tatthodantāsarā aṭṭha.

Tattha akkharesu okārantā aṭṭha sarā nāma. Tattheti vattate.

4. Lahumattā tayo rassā.

Tattha saresu lahumattā a, i, u iti tayo rassā.

5. Aññe dīghā.

Tattha saresu rassehaññe dīghā.

Saṃyogato pubbe eo rassā ivoccante, anantarā byañjanā saṃyogo. Ettha, seyyo, oṭṭho, sotthi.

6. Sesā byañjanā.

Sare ṭhapetvā sesā kādayo niggahītantā byañjanā.

7. Vaggā pañcapañcaso mantā.

Byañjanānaṃ kādayo makārantā pañcapañcaso akkharavanto vaggā.

8. Vaggānaṃ paṭhamadutiyā so cāghoso. Ḷantāññe ghosā.

Ghosāghosasaññā ca ‘‘parasamaññā payoge’’ti saṅgahītā. Evaṃ liṅga, sabbanāma, pada, upasagga, nipāta, taddhita, ākhyāta, kammappavacanīyādisaññā ca.

9. Aṃiti niggahītaṃ.

Aṃiti akārato paraṃ yo bindu sūyate, taṃ niggahītaṃ nāma.

Bindu cūḷāmaṇākāro, niggahītanti vuccate.

Kevalassā ppayogattā, akāro sannidhīyate.

10. A, kavagga, hā kaṇḍajā, i, cavagga, yā tālujā, u, pavaggā oṭṭhajā, ṭavagga, ra, ḷā muddhajā, tavagga, la, sā dantajā, e kaṇṭhatālujo, o kaṇṭhoṭṭhajo, vo dantoṭṭhajo.

Sarasandhi

11. Loka aggoityasmiṃ – ‘‘pubbamadhoṭhita massaraṃ sarena viyojaye’’ti pubbabyañjanaṃ sarato puthakkātabbaṃ.

Sarā sare lopaṃ.

Anantare sare pare sarā lopaṃ papponti.

‘‘Nare paraṃ yutte’’ti assaro byañjano parakkharaṃ netabbo lokaggo.

Saretyasmiṃ opasilesiko kāsasattamī, tato vaṇṇakālabyavadhāne kāriyaṃ na hoti. Yathā-maṃ ahā sīti, ‘‘pamādamanuyuñjantī’’tyādigāthāyaṃ ‘janā appamāda’nti ca. Evaṃ sabbasandhīsu.

Anantaraṃ parassa sarassa lopaṃ vakkhati, tasmānena pubbassa lopo ñāyati, teneva sattamīniddiṭṭhassa paratāpi gamyate.

12. Saretyadhikāro. Pana ime pana imetīha-sarā lopaṃ itveva.

Vā paro asarūpo.

Asamānarūpāsaramhā paro saro vā lupyate, paname, panime.

13. Bandhussa iva, na upetītīdha –

Kvacāsavaṇṇaṃ lutte.

Sare lutte parasarassa kvaci asavaṇṇo hotīti i u iccetesaṃ ṭhānāsannā e o. Bandhusseva. Nopeti.

14. Tatra ayaṃ, yāni idha, bahu upakāraṃ, saddhā idha, tathā upamantyetasmiṃ –

Dīghaṃ.

Sare lutte paro saro kvaci ṭhānāsannaṃ dīghaṃ yāti. Tatrāyaṃ, yānīdha, bahūpakāraṃ, saddhīdha, tathūpamaṃ.

15. Kiṃsu idhetyatra –

Pubbo ca.

Sare lutte pubbo ca kvaci dīghaṃ yāti. Kiṃ sūdha.

16. Te ajja, te ahaṃtettha –

Yamedantassādeso.

Sare pare antassa ekārassa kvaci yo ādeso hoti, tyajja, ‘‘dīgha’’nti byañjane pare kvaci dīgho, tyāhaṃ.

Kvacīti kiṃ. Nettha.

17. So assa, anu etityettha –

Vamodudantānaṃ.

Sare pare anto kārukārānaṃ kvaci vo ādeso hoti. Svassa, anveti.

Kvacīti kiṃ. Tayassu, sametāyasmā.

18. Idha ahaṃ tīdha –

Do dhassa ca.

Sare pare dhassa kvaci do hoti. Dīghe – idāhaṃ. Kvacīti kiṃ. Idheva. Cakārena byañjanepi, idha bhikkhave.

19. Pati antuṃ, vutti assetīha –

Ivaṇṇo yannavā.

Sare pare ivaṇṇassa yo navā hoti. Kata yakārassa tissa ‘‘sabbo cantī’’ti kvaci cādese ‘‘paradvebhāvo ṭhāne’’ti sarato parabyañjanassa ṭhānāsannavasā dvittaṃ. Paccantaṃ, vutyassa.

Navāti kiṃ. Paṭaggi,

Ettha ‘‘kvaci paṭi patisse’’ti patissa paṭi, vaṇṇaggahaṇaṃ sabbattha rassadīgha saṅgahaṇatthaṃ.

20. Yathā evetīha –

Evādissa ri pubbo ca rasso.

Sarato parassa evassādiekāro rittaṃ navā yāti. Pubbo ca ṭhānāsannaṃ rassaṃ. Yathariva. Yatheva.

21. Na imassa, ti aṅgikaṃ, lahu essati, attha atthaṃ, ito āyati, tasmā iha, sabbhi eva, cha abhiññā, putha eva, pā evatīha vā tveva –

Ya va ma da na ta ra ḷā cāgamā.

Sare pare yādayo āgamā vā honti, cakārena go ca. Nayimassa, tivaṅgikaṃ, lahumessati, attadatthaṃ, itonāyati, tasmātiha, sabbhireva, chaḷabhiñā, puthageva, ‘‘rassa’’nti byañjane pare kvaci rasso. Pageva.

Vāti kiṃ. Cha abhiññā, putha eva, pā eva.

Ettha ‘‘sare kvacī’’ti sarānaṃ pakati hoti, sassarūpameva, na vikārotyattho.

22. Abhi uggatotyatra –

‘‘Abbho abhī’’ti abhissa abbho. Abbhuggato.

Byañjanasandhi

23. Byañjanetyadhikāro. Kvacītveva. So bhikkhu, kacci nu tvaṃ, jānema tantīha –

Lopañca tatrākāro.

Byañjane pare sarānaṃ kvaci lopohoti, tatra lutte ṭhāne akārāgamo, cakārena okārukārāpi. Sabhikkhu kaccino tvaṃ, jānemu taṃ.

Kvacīti kiṃ, somuni.

24. Ughoso, ākhātantīha – dvebhāve ṭhāne itveva.

Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ tatiyapaṭhamā.

Vagge ghosāghosānaṃ catutthadutiyānaṃ tabbagge tatiyapaṭhamā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ yutte ṭhāne, ugghoso, rasse akkhātaṃ.

25. Para sahassaṃ, atippakhotīha – ‘‘kvaci o byañjane’’ti okārāgamo. Parosahassaṃ. Gāgame ca, atippagokho.

26. Ava naddhātyatra – ‘‘o avasse’’ti kvaci avassa o. Onaddhā.

Kvacīti kiṃ. Avasussatu.

Niggahītasandhi

27. Niggahītantyadhikāro. Kiṃ kato, saṃ jāto, saṃ ṭhito, taṃ dhanaṃ, taṃ mittantiha –

Vaggantaṃ vā vagge.

Vaggabyañjane pare bindussa tabbagganto vā hoti. Kiṅkato, sañjāto, saṇṭhito, tandhanaṃ, tammittaṃ.

Vāti kiṃ. Na taṃ kammaṃ.

Vākāreneva le lo ca. Pulliṅgaṃ.

28. Vātyadhikāro. Evaṃ assa, etaṃ avocetīha –

Madā sare.

Sare pare binduno ma dā vā honti. Evamassa, etadavoca.

Vāti kiṃ. Maṃ ajini.

29. Taṃ eva, taṃ hītīha –

Eheñaṃ.

Ekāre, he ca pare binduno ño vā hoti. Dvitte – taññeva, tameva. Tañhi, taṃ hi.

30. Saṃyogotīha –

Saye ca.

Yakāre pare tena saha binduno ño vā hoti. Dvitte – saññogo, saṃyogo.

31. Cakkhu aniccaṃ, ava sirotīha - āgamo, kvacitveva.

Niggahītañca.

Sare, byañjane vā pare kvaci bindvāgamo hoti. Cakkhuṃaniccaṃ, avaṃsiro.

32. Vidūnaṃ aggaṃ, tāsaṃ ahaṃtīha –

‘‘Kvaci lopaṃ’’ti sare bindulopo, vidūnaggaṃ. Dīghetāsāhaṃ.

33. Buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ, saṃ rāgotīha –

‘‘Byañjane ce’’ti bindulopo, buddhānasāsanaṃ. Dīghesārāgo.

34. Bījaṃ ivetīha –

Paro vā saro.

Binduto paro saro vā lupyate, bījaṃva.

35. Evaṃ assetīha –

Byañjano ca visaññogo.

Binduto pare sare lutte saṃyogo byañjano vinaṭṭhasaṃyogo hotīti pubbasalopo. Evaṃsa.

Vomissaka sandhī

36. Anupadiṭṭhānaṃ vuttayogato.

Idhāniddiṭṭhā sandhayo vuttānusārena ñe yyā, yathā – yadi evaṃ, bodhi aṅgātīha – yādese iminā suttena dayakārasaṃyogassa jo, dhayakārasaṃyogassa jho, dvitte – yajjevaṃ, bojjhaṅgā.

37. Asadisasaṃyoge ekasarūpatā ca.

Pari esanātīha – yādese rakārassa yo, payyesa nā.

38. Vaṇṇānaṃ bahuttaṃ, viparītatā ca.

Sarati, iti eva, sā itthī, busaṃ eva, bahu ābādho, adhi abhavi, sukhaṃ, dukkhaṃ, jīvotīha –

Māgamo sakāre akārassa u ca, sumarati.

Issa vo, itveva.

Paralope ākārassa o, sotthī.

Mādese, pubbadīghe ca ekārassa i. Busāmiva.

Vādese havakāravipariyayo. Bahvābādho.

Adhissa kvaci addho, dīghe-addhābhavi.

Binduno, okārassa ca e. Sukhe, dukkhe, jīve.

39. Radānaṃ ḷo, paṭibodho, pariḷāho.

40. Sare, byañjane vā pare binduno kvaci mo. Mama abhāsi, buddhama saraṇaṃ, pubbe mo paraṃ na netabbo ayuttattā.

41. Binduto parasarāna maññassaratāpi.

Taṃ iminā, evaṃ imaṃ, kiṃ ahaṃ tīha-issa a. Tadaminā.

Issa u, akārassa ca e, bindulopādo. Evumaṃ, kehaṃ.

42. Vākyasukhuccāraṇatthaṃ, chandahānitthañca vaṇṇalopopi.

Paṭisaṅkhāya yonisotīha – pubbayalopo, paṭisaṅkhāyoniso.

43. Alābūnityādo akāralopo. Lābūni sīdanti, silā plavanti.

44. Vutyabhedāya vikāropi.

Akaramhase tetyādo sakāre garuno ekārassa iminā lahuakāro, akaramhasa te kiccaṃ.

45. Akkharaniyamo chandaṃ, garulahuniyamo bhave vutti,

Dīgho, saṃyogādipubbo rasso ca garu, lahu tu rasso. Yathā- ā, assa, aṃ, a.

46. Evamaññāpi viññeyyā, saṃhitā tantiyā hitā;

Saṃhitāti ca vaṇṇānaṃ, sannidhabyavadhānato.

2. Nāmakaṇḍa

Pulliṅga

47. ‘‘Jinavacanayuttaṃ hī’’ti sabbatthādhikāro.

Liṅgañca nipaccate.

Dhātuppaccayavibhattivajjitamatthayuttaṃ saddarūpaṃ liṅgaṃ nāma, jinavacanayoggaṃ liṅgaṃ idha ṭhapīyati nipphādīyati ca.

48. Buddhaiti ṭhite –

Tato ca vibhattiyo.

Tasmā liṅgā parā vibhattiyo honti. Cakārena tāsaṃ ekavacanādipaṭhamādisaññā ca.

‘‘Si yo aṃ yo nā hi sa naṃ smā hi sa naṃ smiṃ sū’’ ti vibhattiyo. Si yo iti paṭhamā, aṃ yo iti dutiyā, nā hi iti tatiyā, sa naṃ iti catutthī, smā hi iti pañcamī, sa naṃ iti chaṭṭhī, smiṃ su iti sattamī.

Liṅgatthe paṭhamā.

Yo kammakattādivattantaramappatto sassarūpaṭṭho suddho, so liṅgattho nāma, tassābhidhānamatte paṭhamāvibhatti hoti. Tassāpaniyame ekamhi vattabbe ekavacanaṃ si, vuccate nenetivacanaṃ, ekassatthassa vacanaṃ ekavacanaṃ. Evaṃ bahuvacanaṃ.

Atotveva.

So.

Akārantā parassa sissa o hoti.

Saralopo mādesappaccayādimhi saralope tu pakati.

Aṃādīsu paresu sarassa lopo hoti, tasmiṃ kate tu kvacādinā asavaṇṇe patte pakati hoti.

Naye paraṃ yutte. Evamupari saralopādi. Buddho.

Bahumhi vattabbe bahuvacanaṃ yo.

Ato vātveva.

Sabbayonīnamāe.

Akārantā paresaṃ paṭhamadutiyāyonīnaṃ yathāsaṅkhyaṃ āe vā honti. Buddhā.

Vāti kiṃ. Aggayo.

49. Liṅgatthe paṭhamātveva.

Ālapane ca.

Abhimukhīkaraṇamālapanaṃ, tadadhike liṅgatthe paṭhamā hoti.

‘‘Ālapane si gasañño’’ti sissa gasaññā. Geitveva.

Akārā pitādyantānamā.

Ge pare akāro pitusatthuattarājādīnamanto ca āttaṃ yāti.

‘‘Ākāro vā’’ti ge pare ākārassa rasso vā.

Sesato lopaṃ gasīpi.

So siṃ syā ca sakhāto gassevātyādiniddiṭṭhehaññe avaṇṇivaṇṇuvaṇṇokārantā sesā, tehi pare gasī lupyante. He - buddha, buddhā. Yo - buddhā.

50. Kammatthe dutiyā.

Yaṃ karoti, taṃ kammaṃ nāma. Tattha dutiyā hoti. Aṃbuddhaṃ. Yossa e-buddhe.

51. Tatiyātveva.

Kattari ca.

Yo karoti, sa kattā nāma. Tattha tatiyā hoti. Nā.

Ato nena.

Akārā paro nā enaṃ yāti. Buddhena.

Hi.

Suhisvakāro e.

Suhisu paresvakārassa e hoti.

Smāhisminnaṃ mhābhimhi vā.

Sabbasaddehi paresaṃ smāhisminnaṃ yathāsaṅkhyaṃ mhābhimhiiccete vā honti. Buddhebhi, buddhehi.

52. Karaṇe tatiyā.

Yena vā kayirate, taṃ karaṇaṃ nāma. Tattha tatiyā hoti. Sabbaṃ kattusamaṃ.

53. Sampadāne catutthī.

Yassa dātukāmo rocate, dhārayate vā, taṃ sampadānaṃ nāma. Tattha catutthī hoti. Sa.

Ato vātveva.

Āya catutthekavacanassa tu.

Akārā parassa catutthekavacanassa āyo vā hoti. Buddhāya.

‘‘Sāgamo se’’ti se sakārāgamo. Buddhassa. Naṃ.

Dīghantveva.

Sunaṃhisu ca.

Sunaṃhisu paresu sarādīnaṃ dīgho hoti. Casaddena kvaci na. Buddhānaṃ.

54. Apādāne pañcamī.

Yasmādapeti, bhayamādatte vā, tadapādānaṃ nāma, tattha pañcamī hoti. Smā.

Ato āetveva.

55. Smāsminnaṃ vā.

Akārā paresaṃ smāsminnaṃ āe vā honti. Buddhā, buddhamhā, buddhasmā. Buddhebhi, buddhehi.

56. Sāmismiṃ chaṭṭhī.

Yassa vā pariggaho, taṃ sāmī nāma. Tattha chaṭṭhī hoti. Buddhassa. Buddhānaṃ.

57. Okāse sattamī.

Yodhāro, tamokāsaṃ nāma. Tattha sattamī hoti. Smiṃ-buddhe, buddhamhi, buddhasmiṃ. Su-buddhesu.

Buddho buddha sukhaṃ dadāti sarato buddhaṃ tato dukkaraṃ,

Kiṃ buddhena mahiddhayopi munayo buddhena jātāsukhī;

Buddhasseva manaṃ dade padamahaṃ buddhā labheyyāccutaṃ,

Buddhassiddhi na kiṃ kare bhavabhave bhattyatthu buddhe mama.

59. Ito paraṃ tatiyāpañcamīnañca catutthīchaṭṭhīnañca sarūpattā pañcamīchaṭṭhiyo bhīyo upekkhante.

60. Atta, si.

Brahmattasakharājādito tveva.

Syā ca.

Brahmādito sissa ā hoti. Attā.

‘‘Yonamāno’’ti brahmādito yonaṃ ānottaṃ. Attāno.

61. He - atta, attā. Yo, attāno.

62. ‘‘Brahmattasakharājādito amāna’’nti brahmādito aṃvacanassa ānaṃ vā hoti. Attānaṃ, attaṃ. Attāno.

63. Attena, attanā. Pakkhe-jinavacanānurodhena enābhāvo.

‘‘Attānto hismimanattaṃ’’ti himhi attantassa ano. Attanehi. Evaṃ karaṇe.

64. ‘‘Sassa no’’ti nokāro. Attano. Attānaṃ.

65. Amhatumhantu rājabrahmattasakha satthupitādīhi smā nāva.

Amhādito smā nā iva hoti. Attanā.

66. ‘‘Tato sminnī’’ti smino ni. Attani. ‘‘Anatta’’nti bhāvaniddesena sumhi ca ano. Attanesu.

67. Rājā attāva. Nā.

Savibhattissa rājassetveva.

Nāmhi raññā vā.

Nāmhi savibhattissa rājasaddassa raññā vā hoti. Raññā, rājena.

Rājassa rāju sunaṃhisu ca.

Sunaṃ hisu paresu rājassa rāju hoti, cakārena kvaci na.

‘‘Sunaṃhisu ceti’’ dīghe - rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi.

68. Savibhattissetyadhikāro.

‘‘Rājassa rañño rājino se’’ti se rañño rājino honti. Rañño, rājino.

‘‘Raññaṃ namhi vā’’ti namhi raññaṃ vā. Raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ.

69. Smāssanātulyattā-nāmhi raññā vā. Raññā, rājamhā, rājasmā.

70. ‘‘Smimhi raññe rājinī’’ti smimhi raññe rājini honti. Raññe, rājini. Rājūsu, rājesu.

71. Guṇavantu, si.

Savibhattissa ntussetveva.

‘‘Ā simhī’’ti simhi savibhattissa ntussa ā. Guṇavā.

Yomhi paṭhametveva.

Ntussa nto.

Paṭhame yomhi savibhattissa ntussa ntokāro hoti. Guṇavanto.

Sunaṃhisu attaṃtveva.

Ntussanto yosu ca.

Sunaṃhisu, yosu, cakārena aññesupi paresu ntussanto attaṃ yāti. Guṇavantā.

72. Savibhattissetyadhikāro. Aṃitveva.

Avaṇṇo ca ge.

Ge pare savibhattissa ntussa aṃaā honti. Heguṇavaṃ,guṇava, guṇavā. Yo - guṇavanto, guṇavantā.

73. Attaṃ – guṇavantaṃ. Guṇavante.

74. ‘‘Totitā sasmiṃ nāsvī’’ti savibhattissa ntussa nāmhi tā, se tokāro, smimhi ti ca vā. Guṇavatā, guṇavantena. Guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi.

75. Guṇavato, guṇavantassa.

‘‘Namhi taṃ vā’’ti namhi ntussa taṃ vā. Guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ. Smā nāva.

76. Guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantasmiṃ, guṇavantesu.

77. Gacchanta, si.

‘‘Simhi gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddo a’’nti ntasaddassa aṃvā, silopo. Gacchaṃ, sissa o – gacchanto.

Gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddotveva.

Sesesuntuva.

Vuttaṃ hitvā sesesu gacchantādīnaṃ ntasaddo ntu iva daṭṭhabbo. Gacchanto, gacchantāiccādi.

Sesaṃ guṇavantusamaṃ.

78. Gacchantādayo nāma antappaccayantā.

79. Aggi, silopo.

‘‘Ivaṇṇuvaṇṇā jhalā’’ti ivaṇṇuvaṇṇānaṃ yathāsaṅkhyaṃ jhalasaññā.

Jhalato vātveva.

Ghapato ca yonaṃ lopo.

Ghapajhalato yonaṃ lopo vā hoti.

Yosu katanikāralopesu dīghaṃ.

Kato nikāro lopo ca yesaṃ tesu yosu sarānaṃ dīgho hoti. Aggī. Pakkhe-attantveva.

Yo svakatarasso jho.

Yosu akatarasso jho attaṃ yāti. Aggayo. Tathālapane.

80. Aṃ mo niggahītaṃ jhalapehi.

Jhalapato aṃ mo ca binduṃ yanti. Aggiṃ. Aggī, aggayo.

81. Agginā. Dīghe-aggībhi, aggīhi.

82. ‘‘Jhalato sassa no vā’’ti sassa nottaṃ vā. Aggino, aggissa. Aggīnaṃ.

83. ‘‘Jhalato ce’’ti smāssa nā. Agginā.

84. Aggimhi, aggismiṃ. Aggīsu.

85. Ādi aggīva. Smiṃno pana ‘‘ādito o ce’’ti aṃ, o ca vā. Ādi, ādo, ādimhi, ādismiṃ. Ādīsu.

86. Daṇḍī, si.

‘‘Agho rassa’’mādinā rasse sampatte ‘‘na sismimanapuṃsakānī’’ti simhi anapuṃsakānaṃ na rasso. Silopo, daṇḍī, yolope – daṇḍī. Pakkhe –

Agho rassamekavacanayosvapi ca.

Ekavacanayosu jhalapā rassaṃ yanti.

Jhato katarassātveva.

Yonaṃ no.

Katassā jhato yonaṃ nottaṃ hoti. Daṇḍino.

87. ‘‘Jhalapā rassa’’nti ge pare jhalapānaṃ rasso. Hedaṇḍi. Daṇḍī, daṇḍino.

88. Vā aṃitveva.

‘‘Naṃ jhato katarassā’’ti aṃiccassa naṃ vā. Daṇḍinaṃ, daṇḍiṃ. Daṇḍī, daṇḍino.

89. Daṇḍinā. Daṇḍībhi, daṇḍīhi.

90. Daṇḍino, daṇḍissa. Daṇḍīnaṃ.

91. Jhato katarassātveva.

‘‘Sminnī’’ti smino ni. Daṇḍini. Daṇḍīsu.

92. Bhikkhu, silopo.

Vā yonaṃtveva.

‘‘Lato vo kāro ce’’ti lato yonaṃ vottaṃ vā.

Attaṃ akatarassotveva.

Vevosu lo ca.

Vevosu akatarasso lo attaṃ yāti. Bhikkhavo, pakkhe – yolopa dīghā. Bhikkhū.

93. He-bhikkhu.

‘‘Akatarassā lato yvālapanassa vevo’’ti ālapane yossa vevokārā, attaṃ. Bhikkhave, bhikkhavo, bhikkhū.

94. Bhikkhuṃ. Bhikkhavo, bhikkhū. Sesaṃ aggīva.

95. Evaṃ jantu. Jantū, jantavo.

‘‘Lato vokāro ce’’tīha kāraggahaṇena yonaṃ nottaṃ, cakārena kvaci vononamabhāvova viseso. Jantuno, jantuyo.

96. Satthu, si.

‘‘Satthupitādīnamā sismiṃ silopo ce’’ti satthādyantassa ā, silopo ca. Satthā.

Satthupitādīnantyadhikāro.

Aññesvārattaṃ.

Sitoññesu satthādyantassa āro hoti.

Tato yonamo tu.

Tato ārato yonaṃ o hoti. Satthāro.

97. He-sattha, satthā. Satthāro.

98. Satthāraṃ. Satthāre, satthāro.

99. ‘‘Nā ā’’ti ārato nāssa ā. Satthārā. Satthārebhi, satthārehi.

100. U sasmiṃ salopo ca.

Se satthādyantassa u hoti salopo ca vā. Satthu, satthuno, satthussa.

‘‘Vā namhī’’ti namhi āro vā. Satthārānaṃ.

‘‘Satthunāttañce’’ti namhi satthādyantassa attaṃ vā. Dīghesatthānaṃ.

101. ‘‘Tato smimī’’ti ārato smino i. ‘‘Āro rassamīkāre’’ti imhi ārassa rasso. Satthari. Satthāresu. Evaṃ nattādi.

102. Pitā sattheva. ‘‘Pitādīnamasimhī’’ti sitoññesu ārassa rassova viseso. Pitaro.

Namhi – pitūnantipi hoti. Evaṃ bhātuppabhutayo.

103. Abhibhū. Rasse-abhibhuvo. Yolopeabhibhū. Sesaṃ bhikkhūva, rassova viseso.

104. Evaṃ sabbaññū. Pubbeva yonaṃ nokāro ca. Sabbaññuno, sabbaññū.

105. Go.

Gāvaitveva.

‘‘Yosu ce’’ti gosaddokārassa āvo, ‘‘tato yonamo tu’’tīha tusaddena yonaṃ o. Gāvo. Tathālapane.

106. Avamhi ca.

Amhi pare gosaddokārassa āvaavā honti, casaddena hinaṃvajjitesu sesesupi.

107. ‘‘Āvassu vā’’ti amhi āvantassa uttaṃ vā, gāhvaṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ. Yo-gāvo. Gāvena, gavena. Gobhi, gohi.

108. ‘‘Gāva se’’ti se ossa āvo. Gāvassa, gavassa. ‘‘Tato na’’mādo cakārena naṃiccassa aṃ, ossa avo ca. Gavaṃ.

109. ‘‘Suhināsu ce’’tīha cakārena gossa gu ca. Dvitte-gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāvā, gavā, gāvamhā, gavamhā, gāvasmā, gavasmā. Gobhi, gohi.

110. Gāve, gave, gāvamhi, gavamhi, gāvasmiṃ, gavasmiṃ. Gāvesu, gavesu, gosu.

Itthiliṅga

111. Kaññā. Silopo.

‘‘Ā gho’’ti itthiyaṃ ākārassa ghasaññā. Yo lope – kaññā. Pakkhe – kaññāyo.

112. ‘‘Ghate ce’’ti gassa e. He-kaññe. Kaññā, kaññāyo.

113. Kaññaṃ. Kaññā, kaññāyo.

114. Āya ekavacanassetveva.

‘‘Ghato nādīna’’nti nādekavacanānamāyo. Kaññāya. Kaññābhi, kaññāhi.

115. Kaññāya. Kaññānaṃ.

116. Ghapato smiṃ yaṃ vā.

Ghapehi smino yaṃ vā hoti. Kaññāyaṃ, kaññāya. Kaññāsu.

117. Ratti, silopo.

‘‘Te itthikhyā po’’ti itthiyamivaṇṇuvaṇṇānaṃ pasaññā. Yolopadīghā. Rattī. Pakkhe – rattiyo. Tathālapane.

118. Rattiṃ, rattī. Rattiyo.

119. Ekavacanassa nādīnantveva.

‘‘Pato yā’’ti nādekavacanānaṃ yā. Rattiyā. Rattībhi, rattīhi.

120. Rattiyā. Rattīnaṃ.

121. Rattiyaṃ, rattiyā. Rattīsu.

122. Nadī. Sesaṃ rattīva. Aghattā rassova viseso.

123. Yāgu rattīva.

124. Mātu, dhītu, duhitvādayo piteva.

125. Jambū nadīva.

Kaññaiti ṭhite –

Itthiyamato āpaccayo.

Itthiyaṃ vattamānā akārantato āpaccayo hoti. Saralopapakalyādi. Kaññā.

‘‘Dhātuppaccayavibhatti vajjitamatthavaṃ liṅga’’nti vacanato paccayantassāliṅgattā taddhitādisutte cakārena nāmamiva kate – syādi. Evaṃ īinīsu.

Evaṃ ajā, eḷakā, kokilā, assā, mūsikā, balākā, mandā, jarāiccādi.

126. Itthiyantyadhikāro.

Nadādito vā ī.

Itthiyaṃ nadādito vā anadādito vā ī hoti. Nadī, nagarī, kumārī, brāhmaṇī, taruṇī, kukkuṭī, itthī iccādi.

‘‘Mātulādīnamānattamīkāre’’ti īmhi mātulādyantassa āno. Mātulānītyādi.

Anadādito vā ī. Sakhī, hatthī.

Bhavato bhoto.

Īmhi bhavantassa bhoto hoti. Bhotī.

127. ‘‘Ṇa va ṇikaṇeyya ṇantūhī’’ti ī. Mānavī, nāvikī, venateyyī, gotamī.

128. ‘‘Ntussa tamīkāre’’ti ntussa to vā. Guṇavatī, guṇavantī. Dhitimatī, dhitimantī.

Ntassa ntubyapadeso. Mahatī, mahantī.

129. Patibhikkhurājīkārantehi inī.

Patyādīhi īkārantehi ca itthiyaṃ inī hoti.

‘‘Patissinīmhī’’ti patyantassa atte saralopādo tukārena lopābhāvo. ‘‘Vā paro asarūpā’’ti ilopo, dīgho ca. Gahapatānī, bhikkhunī, rājinī, medhāvinī, tapassinī, dhammacāriṇī, bhayadassāvinī, bhuttāvinītyādi.

Napuṃsakaliṅga

130. Citta, si.

Napuṃsakehi ato niccanteva.

Siṃ.

Akāranteti napuṃsakehi sissa nicaṃ aṃ hoti. Cittaṃ.

Yonaṃ ni napuṃsakehitveva.

Ato niccaṃ.

Akārantehi na puṃsakehi yonaṃ niccaṃ ni hoti, nissa ā. Cittā. Pakkhe – yosvādinā dīghe – cittāni.

131. Galope – he – citta. Cittā, cittāni.

132. Cittaṃ. Nissa e – citte, cittāni. Sesaṃ buddhova.

133. Mana, si, manaṃ.

Nā vātveva.

134. Manogaṇādito sminnānamiā.

Manādito sminnānaṃ iā vā honti.

Sa sare vāgamo.

Vibhatyādese sare pare manādito sāgamo vā hoti. Manasā.

135. Sassa co

Manādito sassa o hoti, casaddena smāssa ā ca. Manaso, manasā.

136. Manasi. Sesaṃ cittaṃva.

Manaṃ siraṃ uraṃ tejaṃ, rajaṃ ojaṃ vayaṃ payaṃ;

Yasaṃ tapaṃ vacaṃ cetaṃ, evamādi manogaṇo.

138. Guṇavantu, si.

‘‘Aṃ napuṃsake’’ti simhi savibhattissa ntussa aṃ. Guṇavaṃ. Ntussa tte – guṇavantāni.

139. Yotoññaṃ pumeva. Evaṃ gacchaṃ.

140. Aṭṭhi.

Vātveva.

‘‘Yonanni napuṃsakehī’’ti yonaṃ ni vā. Aṭṭīni. Jhattā yolope – aṭṭhī. Tathālapane.

141. Aṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhīni, aṭṭhī. Sesaṃ aggīva.

142. Daṇḍī, si.

Aghattā rasso, daṇḍi. Yotoññaṃ pumeva.

143. Āyu aṭṭhīva.

Pumitthiliṅga

144. Pumitthiliṅgā – ghaṭa, kaṭa, yaṭṭhi, muṭṭhi, sindhu, reṇuppabhutayo dvipada catuppada jātivācino ca.

Yathā – ghaṭo, īpaccaye-ghaṭī. Eso yaṭṭhi, esā yaṭṭhiccādi.

Dvipadajātivācino yathā – khattiyo. Āpaccaye- khattiyā, samaṇo, īmhi-samaṇīiccādi.

Catuppadajātivācino yathā – gajo, ā-gajā, byaggho, īmhi - byagghīiccādi.

Pumanapuṃsakaliṅga

145. Pumanapuṃsakaliṅgā – dhamma, kamma, brahma, kusuma saṅgama, paduma, assama, vihāra, sarīra, suvaṇṇa, vaṇṇa, kahāpaṇa, bhavana, bhuvana, yobbana, bhusana, āsana, sayana, odana, ākāsa, upavāsa, māsa, divasa, rasa, thala, phala, raṭṭha ambu, madhvādayo.

Itthinapuṃsakaliṅga

146. Itthinapuṃsakaliṅgā – nagara, accippamukhā.

Sabbaliṅga

147. Sabbaliṅgā – taṭa puṭa patta maṇḍala kalasā dayo, nāmīkatā, sabbanāmāni ca. Yathā – taṭo, īmhi – taṭī, taṭamiccādi.

Nāmīkatā yathā – devadatto, ā – devadattā devadattamiccādi.

Sabbanāma

148. Sabba, katara, katama, ubhaya, itara, añña, aññatara, aññatama, pubba, para, apara, dakkhiṇa, uttara, eka, ya, ta, eta, ima, amu, kiṃ, tumha, amha-iti sabbanāmāni.

Sabbo buddhova. Ayaṃ viseso.

Yotveva.

Sabbanāmakārate paṭhamo.

Sabbādīnamakārato paro paṭhamo yo ettaṃ yāti sabbe.

‘‘Tayo neva ca sabbanāmehī’’ti nisedhā sasmāsminnaṃ āya ā e na honti. Sabbassa.

Sabbato naṃ saṃsānaṃ.

Sabbādito naṃiccassa saṃsānaṃ honti.

Akāro eitveva.

Sabbanāmānaṃ namhi ca.

Namhi sabbādīnamakārassa e hoti. Sabbesaṃ, sabbesānaṃ.

149. Itthiyaṃ ā, sabbā kaññāva. Ayaṃ viseso. Vātveva.

Ghapato smiṃsānaṃ saṃsā.

Ghapasaññāto sabbādito smiṃsānaṃ saṃsā vā honti.

‘‘Saṃsāsvekavacanesu ce’’ti sāgamo.

Gho rassaṃ.

Ekavacanasaṃsāsu gho rassaṃ yāti. Sabbassā, sabbāya. Sabbāsaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ. Sabbassaṃ, sabbāyaṃ. Sabbāsu.

Netāhi smimāyayā.

Ghapaññāhi sabbādīhi smino āya yā na honti.

150. Napuṃsake – sabbaṃ. Sabbāni. Evaṃ dutiyā.

Sabbādayo napuṃsake tatiyādīsu sakasakapumasamā. Evaṃ ya - saddantā.

151. Pubbaparāparehi tu smino ‘‘yadanupapannā nipātanā sijjhantī’’ti anitthiyaṃ e vā. Pubbe, pubbasmiṃiccādi.

Ekasaddo saṅkhyātulyaññāsahāyattho. Yadā saṅkhyattho, tadekavacano, aññattha sabbavacano ca.

Yādīnamālapanaṃ natthi.

152. Ta, si.

Simhi saṃ anapuṃsakassetveva.

Etatesaṃ to.

Simhi anapuṃsakānaṃ etataiccetesaṃ takārassa sa hoti. So.

Tassa vā nattaṃ sabbattha.

Tiliṅgesu sabbādīnaṃ takārassa no vā hoti. Ne, te. Sesaṃ sabbasamaṃ, nattaṃva viseso.

153. Itthiyaṃ – sā, nā, nāyo, tā, tāyoiccādi.

Vātveva.

Tato sassa ssāya.

Tāetāimāhi sassa ssāyo vā hoti.

Saṃsāsvekavacanesu iitveva.

Tassā vā.

Ekavacanasaṃsāsu tāsaddassa ā ittaṃ vā yāti. Tissāya, tissā, tassā, tāya. Tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ. Tissaṃ, tassaṃ, tāyaṃ. Tāsu.

154. Napuṃsake – taṃiccādi.

155. Eso. Sesaṃ sabbasamaṃ.

156. Itthiyaṃ – esā.

Saṃsāsvekavacanesvetveva.

Etimāsami.

Ekavacanasaṃsāsu etāimānamantassa i hoti. Etissāya, etisā, etāya. Etāsaṃ, etāsānaṃ. Etissaṃ, etassaṃ, etāyaṃ. Etāsu. Sesaṃ sabbāva.

157. Napuṃsake – etaṃ iccādi.

158. Ima, si.

‘‘Anapuṃsakassāyaṃ simhī’’ti imassa ayaṃ. Silopo. Ayaṃ, ime. Imaṃ, ime.

‘‘Animi nāmhi ce’’ti imassa ano, imi ca. Anena, iminā.

‘‘Sabbassimasse vā’’ti sunaṃhisu evā. Ehi, imehi. Vā smāsasmiṃsaṃsāsvattantveva.

Imasaddassa ca.

Sasmāsmiṃsaṃsāsu imassa attaṃ vā hoti. Assa, imassa. Esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ. Asmā, imamhā, imasmā. Ehi, imehi. Asmiṃ, imamhi, imasmiṃ. Esu, imesu.

Attapakkhe – ‘‘na timehi katākārehī’’ti smāsminnaṃ mhāmhi na sijjhante.

159. Itthiyaṃ – ayaṃ. Sesaṃ etāva, saṃsāsvattaṃva viseso.

160. Napuṃsake – savibhattissa vātveva.

‘‘Imassidamaṃsisu napuṃsake’’ti imassa idaṃ vā. Idaṃ, imaṃ ime, imāni. Evaṃ dutiyā.

161. Amu, si.

Vā anapuṃsakassa simhitveva.

‘‘Amussa mo saṃ’’ti massa so vā, silopo. Asu.

‘‘Sabbato ko’’ti sabbanāmato kāgamo. ‘‘So’’ti o, amuko, pakkhe – amu. Amū, amuyo.

Pubbeva yonaṃ vokāro na. Amuṃ. Amū, amuyo. Sesaṃ bhikkhūva sabbādikāriyāññatra.

162. Itthiyaṃ – asu. Sesaṃ yāgusamaṃ. Visesoyaṃ – amussā, amuyā. Amūsaṃ, amūsānaṃ. Amussaṃ, amuyaṃ. Amūsu.

163. Napuṃsake – savibhattissa aṃsisu napuṃsaketveva.

‘‘Amussāduṃ’’ti aduṃ. Aduṃ. Amū, amūni. Evaṃ dutiyā.

164. ‘‘Sesesu ce’’ti sabbattha kissa ko. Ko, kā, kaṃ iccādi. Liṅgattaye sabbasamo.

165. Tumha, si, amha, si.

Savibhattissa tumhamhānantyadhikāro.

Tvamahaṃ simhi ca.

Simhi savibhattīnaṃ tumhamhānaṃ tvaṃ ahaṃ honti. Casaddena tumhassa tuvaṃ ca. Tvaṃ, tuvaṃ, ahaṃ. Yo – tumhe.

‘‘Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame’’ti amhassa mayaṃ hoti. Mayaṃ.

166. ‘‘Taṃmamamhī’’ti amhi taṃ maṃ honti.

‘‘Tavaṃ mamañca navā’’ti amhi tavaṃ mamañca navā.

‘‘Tumhassa tuvaṃ tvamamhī’’ti tumhassa tuvaṃ, tvañca. Taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ, tvaṃ, maṃ, mamaṃ.

Ākantveva.

‘‘Vā yoppaṭhamo’’ti dutiyāyossa ākaṃ vā. Tumhākaṃ, tumhe. Amhākaṃ, amhe.

167. ‘‘Nāmhi tayā mayā’’ti nāmhi tayā mayā honti. ‘‘Tayātayīnaṃ takāro tvattaṃvā’’ti tassa tvo vā. Tvayā, tayā, mayā. Tumhehi, amhehi.

168. ‘‘Tava mama se’’ti se tava mama honti.

‘‘Tuyhaṃ mayhaṃ ce’’ti se tuyhaṃ mayhañca.

‘‘Sassaṃ’’ti sassa aṃ vā.

‘‘Amhassa mamaṃ savibhattissa se’’ti se amhassa mamaṃ ca. Tava, tuyhaṃ, tumhaṃ, mama, mayhaṃ, amhaṃ, mamaṃ.

‘‘Tumhamhehi namākaṃ’’ti naṃvacanassa ākaṃ. Tumhākaṃ, amhākaṃ. Smānāva.

169. ‘‘Tumhāmhānaṃ tayi mayī’’ti smimhi tayi mayi honti. Tve kate - tvayi, tayi, mayi, tumhesu, amhesu. Liṅgattaye samaṃ.

170. Navātveva.

Padato dutiyā catutthī chaṭṭhīsu vono.

Atthajjotakā vaṇṇā padaṃ, dutiyā catutthī chaṭṭhī bahuvacanesu paresu padasmā paresaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tumhāmhānaṃ vonokārā navā honti.

Rakkhatu vo, passatu no, dadāti vo, dadāhi no, saddhā vo, satthā no.

Navāti kiṃ, eso amhākaṃ satthā.

171. Padatotyadhikāro.

‘‘Temekavacanesu ce’’ti catutthīchaṭṭhekavacanesu te me honti. Dadāmi te, dadāhi me, idaṃ te, ayaṃ me.

‘‘Naamhī’’ti amhi nisedho. Passetha taṃ, ajini maṃ.

‘‘Vā tatiye ce’’ti tatiyekavacane te me vā honti. Kataṃ te tayā vā. Kataṃ me mayā vā.

‘‘Bahuvacanesu vono’’ti tatiyābahuvacanesu vo no honti. Bahuvacane paṭhame yomhi ca. Kataṃ vo, kataṃ no, gāmaṃ vo gaccheyyātha, gāmaṃ no gaccheyyāma.

Saṅkhyā

172. Saṅkhyā vuccate.

Ekasaddo sabbanāmesu vutto.

173. Dvādayo aṭṭhārasantā bahuvacanantā.

Savibhattissa, itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyanti cādhikāro.

‘‘Yosu dvinnaṃ dve ce’’ti dvissa dve hoti. Dve, dve, dvībhi, dvīhi.

No ca dvādito namhi.

Namhi dvādito nakārāgamo hoti. Dvinnaṃ, dvīsu, liṅgattaye samaṃ.

174. Ticatunnaṃ tisso catasso tayo cattāro tīṇi cattāri.

Yosu itthipumanapuṃsakesu savibhattīnaṃ ticatunnaṃ tisso catasso ādayo honti. Tayo, tayo, tībhi, tīhi, tinnaṃ.

‘‘Iṇṇamiṇṇannaṃ tīhi saṅkhyāhī’’ti tisaddato naṃiccassa iṇṇaṃ iṇṇannaṃ ca. Tiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇannaṃ, tīsu.

175. Itthiyaṃ-tisso, tisso, tībhi, tīhi.

‘‘No cā’’do cakārena namhi ssaṃāgamo, vaggantetissanaṃ, tīsu.

176. Napuṃsake-tīṇi, tīṇi, tīhi.

177. Cattāro.

‘‘Osare ce’’tīha cakārena yosu ussa uro. ‘‘Tato yonamotū’’tīha tukārena yonaṃ o. Caturo. Evaṃ dutiyā. Catūhi, catunnaṃ, catūsu.

178. Itthiyaṃ, catasso, catasso, catūhi. Pubbeva ssaṃāgamo. Yadādinā ussa attaṃ. Catassannaṃ, catūsu.

179. Napuṃsake, cattāri, cattāri.

180. ‘‘Pañcādīna makāro’’ti yosu savibhattissa pañcādyantassa attaṃ. Pañca, pañca.

‘‘Pañcādīna mattaṃ’’ti sunaṃhisu pañcādyantassa attaṃ. Edīghānamapavādoyaṃ. Pañcahi, pañcannaṃ, pañcasu. Liṅgattaye samaṃ.

181. Evaṃ cha satta aṭṭha nava dasādayo aṭṭhārasantā.

182. Vīsatyādayo ānavutiyā itthiliṅgā ekavacanantā, vīsati rattīva. Evaṃ tiṃsati.

Cattālīsaṃ paññāsaṃ saddehi parāsaṃ sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ ‘‘sabbāsamā’’dotīha ādisaddena lopo, saṭṭhi vīsatī va. Evaṃ sattati asīti navuti.

Sataṃ napuṃsakamekavacanantaṃ. Evaṃ sahassādi.

Koṭi vīsatīva.

183. Rāsibhede tu sabbattha bahuvacanampi. Yathā-dvevīsatiyo buddhadantā. Tisso vīsatiyo dinaghaṭikā. Evamaññatra.

Eseso etantippasiddhi, lokassa hoti yatthatthesu.

Thīpumanapuṃsakānityuccante, tānimāni lokenātthā.

Aliṅga

184. Aliṅgā vuccante.

Kvaci to pañcamyatthe.

Liṅgato pañcamyatthe kvaci toppaccayo hoti.

‘‘Tvādayo vibhattisaññāyo’’ti toppabhutidānyantānaṃ vibhattisaññā. Tasmā tadantānampi vibhatyantattā padattaṃ siddhanti na puna vibhatti. Corasmā corato. Evaṃ pitito, ettha ‘‘pitādīna masimhi’’ tyatrāsimhiggahaṇena tomhi pitādīnaṃ ussa i.

Imassi thandānihatodhesu ca.

Thaṃādīsu paresu imassa i hoti. Ito.

‘‘Sabbassetassākāro vā’’ti tothesvetassa attaṃ vā, ato, etto. Pakkhe- ‘‘saralopā’’dinā akāralopo.

‘‘Tratothesu ce’’ti kissa ku. Kuto.

‘‘Kvaci to’’ti suttadvidhākaraṇena sattamyatthe ca to hoti, ādismiṃ, ādito.

185. ‘‘Tratha sattamiyā sabbanāmehī’’ti sattamyatthe trathappaccayā honti. Sabbasmiṃ, sabbatra, sabbattha, dvittaṃ. Evaṃ atra, attha. Ettha ‘‘tre nicca’’nti pubbe etassa a. Kutra, kuttha.

‘‘Sesesu ce’’ti kādese-kattha.

186. ‘‘Kismā vo ce’’ti vappaccayo. ‘‘Kissa ka vece’’ti ko, kakārākāralopo. Kva.

187. ‘‘Hiṃ haṃ hiñcana’’nti kasmā hiṃ ādipaccayā. ‘‘Ku hiṃ haṃsu ce’’ti kissa ku. Cakārena hiñcanaṃ dācanaṃsu ca. Kuhiṃ, kuhaṃ, kuhiñcanaṃ.

188. ‘‘Tamhā ce’’ti hiṃhaṃ. Tahiṃ, tahaṃ.

189. ‘‘Yato hiṃ’’ti hiṃ. Yahiṃ.

190. ‘‘Imasmā hadhā ce’’ti hadhā. Iha, idha.

191. ‘‘Sabbato dhī’’ti dhi. Sabbadhi.

192. Kāletyadhikāro.

‘‘Kiṃsabbaññekayakuhi dādācana’’nti kiṃ ādito dā, dācanaṃ ca. Kasmiṃ kāle kadā, kudācanaṃ.

‘‘Sabbassa so dāmhi vā’’ti sabbassa so vā. Sadā, sabbadā.

193. ‘‘Tamhā dāni ce’’ti dāni, dā ca. Tadāni, tadā.

194. Yadādinā imasaddā, samānāparehi ca yathāsaṅkhyaṃ jja jjuppaccayā, ima, samānānaṃ a, sā ca. Ajja, sajju, aparajju.

195. ‘‘Imasmā rahidhunādāni ce’’ti rahyādippaccayā. ‘‘Eta rahimhī’’ti imassa eto. Etarahi.

‘‘A dhunāmhi ce’’ti imassa a. Adhunā, idāni.

196. Lopaṃ itveva.

Sabbāsamāvusopasagganipātādīhi ca.

Etehi parā sabbā vibhattī lupyante. Tvaṃ āvuso, tumhe āvuso.

Upasagganipāta

197. Upasagganipātā vuccante.

Pa parā ni nī u du saṃ vi ava anu pari adhi abhi pati su ā ati api apa upa ete vīsatyupasaggā.

Ca na va vā mā hi dhi ci ku tu nu ce re he sve ve vo kho no to yaṃ naṃ taṃ kiṃ handa kira eva kīva yāva tāva vata vatha atha aṅga iṅgha taggha āma nāma nūna puna pana āha saha sakkā labbhā heṭṭhā ārā dūrā divā navā vinā nānā addhā mudhā micchā pacchā āvi sakkhi sacci sacchi bahi yadi iti kinti atthi sotthi khalu nanu kimu assu yagghe sace have suve are pure namo tiro adho atho aho raho hīyo bhīyo anto pāto sudaṃ kallaṃ evaṃ dhuvaṃ alaṃ halaṃ sayaṃ sāyaṃ samaṃ sāmaṃ kāmaṃ pāraṃ oraṃ ciraṃ huraṃ ahaṃ sahaṃ uccaṃ nīcaṃ sakiṃ saddhiṃ, athavā antarā ārakā bāhirā bahiddhā yāvatā tāvatā samantā sāmantā āmantā sammukhā carahi tarahi sampati āyati upari yāvade tāvade tiriyaṃ sanikaṃ sasakkaṃ ettāvatā parammukhā kittāvatā etarahi aññadatthu seyyathidaṃ appevanāma bhīyosomattāya iccādayo nipātā.

198. Sadisā ye tiliṅgesu, sabbāsu ca vibhattīsu.

Vacanesu ca sabbesu, te nipātāti kittitā.

Yathā – uccaṃ rukkho, latā, gharaṃ vā, uccaṃ rukkho. He rukkha, rukkhaṃ, rukkhena, rukkhassa, rukkhasmā, rukkhe vā iccādi. Uccaṃ rukkho, rukkhā vā iccādi. Evaṃ latā, gharāni.

Ubhayesu vibhatyatta -

Kriyadesa samaya disāguṇatthehi;

Sabbāpi yathāyogaṃ,

Vibhattiyoññehi tuppaṭhamā.

Taṃ yathā – adhiantosaddehi sattamī. Sayaṃsaddā tatiyā, chaṭṭhī ca. Namosaddā paṭhamā, dutiyā ca. Pāraṃsaddā sattamī. Divāsaddā paṭhamā, dutiyā, sattamī ca. Heṭṭhāsaddā sattamī. Uccaṃsaddā sabbāpi. Pasaddā ca casaddā ca paṭhamā, hesaddā ālapane paṭhamā. Tathāññehipi.

200. Upasaggā sabbepi saddantarena saha payujjante. Nipātā tu keci visumpi. Yathā – pahāro, paharati, sā ca so ca bhāsati vā karoti vā, sotthityādi.

201. Ekekaliṅgaṃ dviliṅgaṃ, tiliṅgaṃ cāpyaliṅgikaṃ.

Catudheti nāmaṃ nāmaṃ, namatyatthanti kittitaṃ.

Nāmikaṃ.

3. Samāsakaṇḍa

Samāsalakkhaṇādi

202. Nāmānaṃ samāso yuttatthotyadhikāro. Samāsoti bhinnatthānaṃ padāna mekatthatā. Yuttatthoti aññamaññasambandhattho.

Vibhāsātyadhikātabbaṃ vākyatthaṃ.

Kammadhārayasamāsa

203. ‘‘Mahanto ca so vīro cā’’ti vākye –

Dvipade tulyādhikaraṇe kammadhārayo.

Bhinnappavattinimittā saddā ekasmiṃ vatthuni pavattā tulyādhikaraṇā, visesanavisesassabhūtā samānādhikaraṇā dve padā yadā samasyante, tadā so samāso kammadhārayo

Nāma, idha vā samāsasuttāni saññādvārena samāsavidhāyakāni.

Aggahitavisesanā buddhi visessamhi na uppajjatīti visesanaṃ pubbaṃ hoti, samāseneva tulyādhikaraṇattassa vuttattā tappakāsanatthaṃ payuttā samāsato atirittā ca so iccete ‘‘vuttaṭṭhānamappayogo’’ti ñāyā nappayujjante. Evamaññatra.

Tesaṃ vibhattiyo lopā ca.

Tesaṃ yuttatthānaṃ samāsānaṃ pubbuttarapadānaṃ vibhattī lupyante, cakārena kvaci na.

Tato mahanta vīra iti ca rūpappasaṅge –

Pakati cassa sarantassa.

Vibhattīsu luttāsu sarantassa pubbabhūtassa, parabhūtassa ca assa samāsapadassa pakati hotītīha luttākārā punānīyante.

Tato mahanta vīraiti ṭhite –

‘‘Mahataṃ mahā tulyādhikaraṇe pade’’ti mahantassa mahā.

Taddhita samāsa kitakā nāmaṃvātavetunādīsu ca.

Taddhitādayo nāmaṃ iva daṭṭhabbā taveppabhutipaccaye vajjetvā.

Tato vatticchāya syādi. Mahāvīro, mahāvīrāiccādi.

204. Kammadhārayo dvando ca, tappuriso ca lābhino.

Tayo parapade liṅgaṃ, bahubbīhi padantare.

205. Rattā ca sā paṭī cāti rattapaṭī, mahantī ca sā saddhā cāti mahāsaddhā. Ettha ‘‘kammadhārayasaññe ce’’ti pubbapade pumeva kate āīpaccayānaṃ nivutti.

206. Nīlañca taṃ uppalañcāti nīluppalaṃ, satthīva satthi, satthi ca sā sāmā cāti satthisāmā. Mukhameva cando mukhacando.

Visesanavisessānaṃ yathecchattā kvaci visesanaṃ paraṃ hoti, khattiyabhūtoiccādi, icchā ca yathātanti.

Ubhe tappurisa samāsa

207. Nasaddā si, tassa lopo. Na suro asuro.

Ettha kammadhāraye kate – ‘‘ubhe tappurisā’’ti tappurisasaññā. ‘‘Attannassa tappurise’’ti nassa a. Na asso anasso. Ettha ‘‘sare ana’’ti nassa ana.

208. ‘‘Nāmānaṃ samāso’’ti sutte dvidhākate ayuttatthānampi kvaci samāso. Na puna geyyā apunageyyā gāthetyādi. Ettha geyyena sambandho na-saddo ayuttatthenāpi punena yogavibhāgabalā samasyate.

Digusamāsa

209. Tayo lokā samāhaṭā tilokaṃ.

Ettha ‘‘saṅkhyāpubbo digū’’ti kammadhārayassa digusaññā. ‘Digussekattaṃ’’ti ekattaṃ, napuṃsakattañca.

Suddhatappurisasamāsa

210. Tappurisā tveva.

Amādayo parapadehi.

Dutiyantādayo parapadehi nāmehi yadā samasyante, tadā so samāso tappuriso nāma.

Gāmaṃ gato gāmagato.

‘‘Passa vāsiṭṭha gāmaṃ, gato tisso sāvatthiṃ’’tya trāyuttatthatāya na samāso. Tathā ññatra ñeyyaṃ.

211. Raññā hato rājahato.

Kiccantehi bhīyo adhikatthavacane.

Tabba, anīya, ṇya, teyya, riccappaccayā kiccā. Thutinindatthamajjhāropitatthaṃ vacanaṃ adhikatthavacanaṃ. Soṇaleyyo kūpoiccādi. Soṇehi yathā liyhate, tathā puṇṇattā thuti. Tehi ucchiṭṭhattā nindā ca.

Dadhinā upasittaṃ bhojanaṃ dadhibhojanaṃ, samāsapadeneva upasittakriyāya kathanā natthetthāyuttatthatā. Upasittasaddāppayogo pubbeva.

212. Karaṇe tu-asinā kalaho asikalaho.

213. Buddhassa deyyaṃ buddhaddeyyaṃ, parassapadaṃ, ettha vibhatyalopo. Evaṃ attanopadamiccādi.

214. Corasmā bhayaṃ corabhayaṃ. Evaṃ baddhanamuttoccādi.

215. Rañño putto rājaputto.

‘‘Brāhmaṇassa kaṇhā dantā’’ iccatra dantāpekkhā chaṭṭhīti kaṇhena sambandhābhāvā na samāso. Yadā tu kaṇhā ca te dantā ceti kammadhārayo, tadā chaṭṭhī kaṇhadantāpekkhāti brāhmaṇakaṇhadantāti samāso hoteva.

216. ‘‘Rañño māgadhassa dhana’’ ntyatra raññoti chaṭṭhī dhana mapekkhate, na māgadhaṃ. Rājā eva māgadhasaddena vuccateti bhedābhāvā sambandhābhāvoti tulyādhikaraṇena māgadhena saha rājā na samasyate. Dviṭṭho hi sambandho.

Rañño asso puriso ce’’ tya tra rañño asso, rañño puriso ti ca paccekaṃ sambandhato sāpekkhatā atthīti na samāso. ‘‘Asso ca puriso cā’’ti dvande kate tu rājassapurisāti hoteva, aññānapekkhattā.

‘‘Rañño garuputto’’ iccatra rājāpekkhinopi garuno

Puttena saha samāso, gamakattā. Gamakattampi samāsassa nibandhanaṃ. Tattha garuno puttoti viggaho, evamaññatra.

217. Rūpe saññā rūpasaññā.

Kvaci nindāyaṃ - kūpe maṇḍūko viya kūpamaṇḍūko. Evaṃ nagarakāko iccādi. Atropamāya nindā gamyate.

Antevāsiko tyādo vibhattyalopo.

Bahubbīhisamāsa

218. Aññapadatthesu bahubbīhi.

Appaṭhamantāna maññesaṃ padānaṃ atthesu dve vā bahūni vā nāmāni yadā samasyante, tadā so samāso bahubbīhi nāma.

Āgatā samaṇā yaṃ sā āgatasamaṇo, vihāro.

219. Jitāni indriyāni yena so jitindriyo, bhagavā. Āhito aggi yena so āhitaggi. Agyāhito vātyādo yathecchaṃ visesanassa paratā.

220. Karaṇe tu-chinno rukkho yena so chinnarukkho, pharasu.

221. Dinno suṅko yassa so dinnasuṅko, rājā.

222. Niggatā janā yasmā so niggatajano, gāmo.

223. Dasa balāni yassa so dasabalo, bhagavā. Natthi samo yassa so asamo. Ettha ‘‘attannassā’’ti yogavibhāgena nassa a.

Pahūtā jivhā yassa so pahūtajivho, mahantī paññā yassa so mahāpañño. Dvīsu ‘‘itthiyambhāsitapumitthīpumāva ce’’ti pumbhāvātidesā pubbuttarapadesu āīppaccayānamabhāvo.

224. ‘‘Kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti antassa attaṃ. Kāraggahaṇena ā i ca. Itthiyamivaṇṇantā, tvantehi ca kappaccayopi. Yathā - visālaṃ akkhi yassa so visālakkho, paccakkhadhammā, silopo. Sobhano gandho yassa so sugandhi. Bahukantiko, bahunadiko, samuddo. Ettha yadādinā rasso. Bahukattuko. Mattā bahavo mātaṅgā yasmiṃ taṃ mattabahumātaṅgaṃ, vanaṃ.

Tulyādhikaraṇo.

225. Suvaṇṇassa viya vaṇṇo yassa so suvaṇṇavaṇṇo. Vajiraṃ pāṇimhi yassa so vajirapāṇi. Urasi lomāni yassa so urasilomo. Ettha vibhatyalopo.

‘‘Atthesū’’ti bahuttaggahaṇena kvaci paṭhamantānampi. Saha hetunā yo vattate so sahetuko, ‘‘yadā’’ dinā sahassa so.

226. Satta vā aṭṭha vā sattaṭṭha, māsā, etthaññapadattho vā saddassattho. Dakkhiṇassā ca pubbassā ca disāya yaṃ antarālaṃ, sā dakkhiṇapubbā, disā.

Bhinnādhikaraṇo.

Appaṭhamantānanti kiṃ, desito buddhena yo dhammo.

Dvandasamāsa

227. Nāmānaṃ samuccayo dvando.

Samuccayo, ti piṇḍīkaraṇaṃ ekavibhattikānaṃ nāmānaṃ yo samuccayo, so dvando nāma, idaṃ suttaṃ bahuvacanavisayaṃ.

Cando ca sūriyo ca candasūriyā. Tiṭṭhanti tyādi-

Kriyāsambandhasāmaññato atthetthāpekatthatā, evaṃ naranāriyo, akkharapadāni.

228. Tathā dvande pāṇi turiya yogga senaṅga khuddajantuka vividha viruddha visabhāgatthādīnañca.

Vividhenākārena viruddhā vividhaviruddhā, sabhāgā sadisā, vividhā ca te sabhāgā ceti visabhāgā. Yathā digusamāse, tathā dvande pāṇyaṅgatthādīnaṃ ekattaṃ, napuṃsakattañca hoti.

Cakkhusotaṃ, gītavāditaṃ, yuganaṅgalaṃ, hatthassaṃ, asicammaṃ, ḍaṃsamakasaṃ, kokālūkaṃ.

Nāmarūpaṃ, nāmaṃ namanalakkhaṇaṃ, rūpaṃ ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ. Evamete dhammā lakkhaṇato vividhā, paramatthato sabhāgā ca.

Ādisaddenāññatthāpi. Yathā - bhinnaliṅgānaṃ - itthipumaṃ. Yadādinā rasso, dāsidāsaṃ, pattacīvaraṃ. Gaṅgāsoṇaṃ.

Saṅkhyāparimāṇānaṃ - tikacatukkaṃ.

Sippīnaṃ - veṇarathakāraṃ.

Luddakānaṃ - sākuntika māgavikaṃ.

Appāṇijātīnaṃ - ārasatthi.

Ekajjhāyanabrāhmaṇānaṃ - kaṭhakālāpaṃ iccādi.

229. Vibhāsā rukkha tiṇa pasu dhana dhañña janapadādīnañca.

Dvande rukkhādīnaṃ ekattaṃ napuṃsakattañca vā hoti.

Dhavakhadiraṃ, dhavakhadirā, muñjapabbajaṃ, muñjapabbajā, ajeḷakaṃ, ajeḷakā, hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ, hiraññasuvaṇṇāni, sāliyavaṃ, sāliyavā.

Kāsikosalaṃ kāsikosalā.

Ādisaddena aññesupi vā. Yathā – niccavirodhīnamaddabbānaṃ - kusalākusalaṃ, kusalākusalāni.

Sakuṇīnaṃ - bakabalākaṃ, bakabalākā.

Byañjanānaṃ - dadhighataṃ, dadhighatāni.

Disānaṃ - pubbāparaṃ, pubbāparā iccādi.

Abyayībhāvasamāsa

230. Adhisaddā smiṃ, tassa lopo. Adhisaddena tulyādhikaraṇattā itthisaddāpismiṃ. Niccasamāsattā ādhārabhūtāyamitthiyanti padantarena viggaho. Adhi itthiyanti ṭhite –

Upasagganipātapubbako abyayībhāvo.

Upasaggādipubbako saddo vibhatyatthādīsu samāso hoti, abyayībhāvasañño ca.

‘‘So napuṃsakaliṅgo’’ti abyayībhāvo napuṃsakaliṅgo, yadādinā ekavacano ca.

‘‘Saro rasso napuṃsake’’ti rasso.

Aññasmā lopo ca.

Anakārantā abyayībhāvā parā sabbā vibhattī lujjare. Adhitthi, vibhattīnamattho ādhārādi.

Idhādhisaddo ādhārevattate, adhitthiiccetaṃ padaṃ itthiya miccetamatthaṃ vadati.

Samīpaṃ nagarassa upanagaraṃ. ‘‘Aṃvibhattīnamakārantabyayībhāvā’’ti vibhattīnaṃ kvaci aṃ.

Kvacīti kiṃ. Upanagare.

Abhāvo makkhikānaṃ nimmakkhikaṃ rasso. Anupubbo therānaṃ anutheraṃ, anatikkamma sattiṃ yathāsatti.

Ye ye buḍḍhā yathābuḍḍhaṃ, vicchāyaṃ.

Yattako paricchedo jīvassa yāvajīvaṃ, avadhāraṇe.

Ā pabbatā khettaṃ āpabbataṃ khettaṃ, mariyādāyaṃ, vajjamānā sīmā mariyādā, pabbataṃ vinātyattho.

Ā jalantā sītaṃ ājalantaṃ sītaṃ, abhividhimhi, gayhamānā sīmā abhividhi, jalantena sahetyattho.

Āsaddayoge ‘‘dhātunāmā’’dinā apādānavidhāneneva vākyampi siddhaṃ. Tathāññatra.

231. ‘‘Uttamo vīro pavīro’’ iccādo pana pubbapadatthappadhānattābhāvābyayībhāvābhāvo kammadhārayoeva. Evaṃ visiṭṭho dhammo abhidhammo. Kucchitaṃ annaṃ kadannaṃ. Etttha ‘‘kada kussā’’ti sare kussa kadādeso.

Appakaṃ lavaṇaṃ kālavaṇaṃ, ettha ‘‘kāppatthesu cā’’ti kussa kā, bahuvacanenāññatrāpi kvaci. Kucchito puriso kāpuriso, kupuriso vā, evamasurādi.

Pubbaparūbhayamaññapadattha - ppadhānābyayībhāva samāso;

Kammadhārayaka tappurisā dve, dvendo ca bahubbīhi ca ñeyyā.

4. Taddhitakaṇḍa

Apaccataddhita

232. Vāṇapacce.

Chaṭṭhantā saddā ‘‘tassāpacca’’miccasmiṃ atthe ṇo vā hoti. Vāti vākyatthaṃ. Ṇenevāpaccatthassa vuttattā apaccasaddāppayogo.

‘‘Tesaṃ vibhatyā’’ do tesaṃgahaṇena vibhattilopo. Tathottaratra.

‘‘Tesaṃ ṇo lopaṃ’’ti paccayānaṃ ṇassa lopo.

‘‘Vuddhādisarassa vā saṃyogantassa saṇe ce’’ti saṇakāre pare asaṃyogantassādisarassa vuddhi.

Tassāpaniyame –

Ayuvaṇṇānañcāyo vuddhi.

Akārivaṇṇuvaṇṇānaṃ āeovuddhiyo honti, casaddena kvaci na.

Saralopādi, taddhitattā nāmamiva kate syādi.

Taddhitābhidheyyaliṅga–vibhattivacanā siyuṃ.

Samūhabhāvajā bhīyo, sakatthe ṇyo napuṃsake.

Tā tutthiyaṃ nipātā te, dhāmithaṃpaccayantakā.

Vasiṭṭhassāpaccaṃ poso vāsiṭṭho, itthī vāsiṭṭhī, napuṃsakaṃ vāsiṭṭhaṃ. Vikappavidhānato taddhitena samāsassāccantaṃ bādhāyā bhāvā vasiṭṭhā paccantipi hoti.

Napuṃsakena vāpīti, saddasatthavidū viduṃ.

233. Vā apacceti cādhikāro.

Ṇāyana ṇāna vacchādito.

Vacchādito gottagaṇato ṇāyano ṇāno ca vā hoti.

Apaccaṃ paputtappabhuti gottaṃ. Kaccassāpaccaṃ kaccāyano, kaccāno vā. Saṃyogantattā na vuddhi.

234. ‘‘Ṇeyyo kattikādīhī’’ti ṇeyyo, vinatāya apaccaṃ venateyyo vinateyyo vā. Na pakkhe vuddhi, ṇeyyoti yogavibhāgena ‘‘tassa dīyate’’ tyatthepi ṇeyyo, dakkhiṇā dīyate yassa so dakkhiṇeyyo.

235. Ato ṇi vā.

Akārantato apacce ṇi vā hoti, puna vāsaddena ṇiko, akārantā anakārantā ca bopi.

Dakkhi, sakyaputtiko, maṇḍabbo, bhātubbo. Dvittaṃ.

236. ‘‘Ṇavo pagvādīhī’’ ti ṇavo. Manuno apaccaṃ māṇavo.

237. ‘‘Ṇera vidhavādito’’ti ṇero, sāmaṇero.

Saṃsaṭṭhādianekatthataddhita

238. ‘‘Yena vā saṃsaṭṭhaṃ tarati carati vahati ṇiko’’ti ṇiko. Vākārena nekatthenekapaccayā ca. Ghatena saṃsaṭṭho ghātiko, odano. Uḷūpena taratīti oḷūpiko, uḷūpiko vā, na pakkhe vuddhi.

Sakaṭena caratīti sākaṭiko. Sīsena vahatīti sīsiko, na vuddhi.

Itthiliṅgato eyyako, ṇako ca. Campāyaṃ jāto campeyyako. Evaṃ bārāṇaseyyako. Ṇako – kusinārāyaṃ vasatīti kosinārako. Janapadato ṇako ca – magadhesu vasati, tesaṃ issaro vā māgadhako.

Tajjātiyā visiṭṭhatthe ājānīyo. Assajātiyā visiṭṭho assājānīyo. Ño - agganti jānitabbaṃ aggaññaṃ, dvittaṃ.

39. Tamadhīte tena katādisannidhānaniyogasippabhaṇḍa jīvikatthesu ca.

Taṃ adhīte iccādīsvatthesu ādisaddena hatādīsu ca ṇiko vā hoti. Abhidhammamadhīteti ābhidhammiko, abhidhammiko vā, na pakkhe vuddhi. Vacasā kataṃ kammaṃ vācasikaṃ. Evaṃ mānasikaṃ, ettha –

‘‘Sa sare vāgamo’’tīhānuvattitādisaddena sāgamo.

Sarīre sannidhānā vedanā sārīrikā. Dvāre niyutto dovāriko, ettha- ‘‘māyūnamāgamo ṭhāne’’ti vakārato pubbe okārāgamo.

Sippanti gītādikalā, vīṇā assa sippanti veṇiko, atra vīṇeti vīṇāvādanaṃ. Gandho assa bhaṇḍanti gandhiko, mage hantvā jīvatīti māgaviko, vakārāgamo. Jālena hato jāliko, suttena baddho suttiko, cāpo assa āyudhanti cāpiko, vāto assa ābādho atthīti vā vātiko, buddhe pasanno buddhiko, vatthena kītaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ vatthikaṃ.

Kumbho assa parimāṇaṃ, ta marahati, tesaṃ rāsi vā kumbhiko. Akkhena dibbatīti akkhiko, magadhesu vasati, jātoti vā māgadhiko iccādi.

240. Ṇa rāgā tena rattaṃ tassedamaññatthesu ca.

Tena rattaṃ tyādyatthesu ṇo vā hoti. Kasāvena rattaṃ kāsāvaṃ.

Evaṃ nīlaṃ pītamiccādi. Na vuddhi, mahisassa idaṃ māhisaṃ, siṅgaṃ.

Evaṃ rājaporisaṃ, ettha ‘‘ayuvaṇṇānañcā’’ do puna vuddhiggahaṇena uttarapadassa vuddhi. Magadhehi āgato, tatra jāto, tesaṃ issaro, te assa nivāsoti vā māgadho, kattikādīhi yutto kattiko, māso.

Buddho assa devatāti buddho. Byākaraṇaṃ avecca adhīteti veyyākaraṇo. Ettha ‘‘māyūnamā’’dinā yakārato pubbe e āgamo, yassa dvittaṃ. Sagarehi nibbatto sāgaroiccādi.

241. Jātādīnamimiyā ca.

Jātādīsu imo iyo ca hoti, casaddena kiyo ca. Pacchā jāto pacchimo, manussajātiyā jāto manussajātiyo. Ante niyutto antimo, antiyo.

Evaṃ andhakiyo. Putto assa atthīti puttimo, puttiyo. Evaṃ kappiyo.

242. ‘‘Tadassaṭṭhānamīyo ce’’ti īyo, cakārena hitādyatthepi, bandhanassa ṭhānaṃ bandhanīyaṃ, caṅkamanassa hitaṃ caṅkamanīyaṃ.

243. ‘‘Ālu tabbahule’’ti ālu. Abhijjhābahulo abhijjhālu.

Visesataddhita

244. Visese taratamissikiyiṭṭhā.

Atisayatthe tarādayo honti.

Ayametesaṃ atisayena pāpoti pāpataro, pāpatamo, pāpissiko, pāpiyo, pāpiṭṭho vā.

‘‘Vuddhassa jo iyiṭṭhesū’’ti vuddhassa jādese – ‘‘saralopā’’do pakatiggahaṇena pakatyabhāvā issa e. Jeyyo, jeṭṭho.

Evaṃ ‘‘pasatthassa so ce’’ti sādese seyyo, seṭṭho.

Assatthitaddhita

245. ‘‘Tadassatthīti vī ce’’ti vī. Medhā assa atthīti medhāvī.

246. Evaṃ ‘‘tapādito sī’’ti sī, dvittaṃ, tapassī.

247. ‘‘Daṇḍādito ika ī’’ti iko, ī ca. Daṇḍiko, daṇḍī.

248. ‘‘Guṇādito vantū’’ti vantu. Guṇavā, paññavā. Yadādinā rasso.

249. ‘‘Satyādīhi mantū’’ti mantu. Satimā, bhānumā.

250. ‘‘Āyussukārāsmantumhī’’ti ussa asa. Āyasmā.

251. ‘‘Saddhādito ṇa’’ iti ṇo. Saddho.

252. ‘‘Tappakativacane mayo’’ti mayo. Suvaṇṇena pakataṃ sovaṇṇamayaṃ, suvaṇṇamayaṃ vā. Pakkhe - yadādinā vuddhi.

Etesamo lope.

Vibhattilope manādīnamantassa o hoti. Manomayaṃ.

Saṅkhyātaddhita

253. Saṅkhyāpūraṇe tyadhikāro.

‘‘Dvitīhi tiyo’’ti tiyo, ‘‘tiye dutāpi ce’’ti dvitīnaṃ dutā. Dvinnaṃ pūraṇo dutiyo, evaṃ tatiyo.

254. ‘‘Catucchehi thaṭhā’’ti thaṭhā. Catuttho, chaṭṭho.

255. Tesamaḍḍhūpapadena aḍḍhuḍḍha divaḍḍha diyaḍḍhāḍḍhatiyā.

Catuttha dutiya tatiyānaṃ aḍḍhūpapadena saha aḍḍhuḍḍha divaḍḍha diyaḍḍhāḍḍhatiyā honti.

Aḍḍhena catuttho aḍḍhuḍḍho, aḍḍhena dutiyo divaḍḍho, diyaḍḍho vā, aḍḍhena tatiyo aḍḍhatiyo.

256. ‘‘Saṅkhyāpūraṇe mo’’ti mo, pañcamo. Itthiyaṃ pañcannaṃ pūraṇī pañcamī.

Eko ca dasa cāti dvande kate –

Dvekaṭṭhānamākāro vā.

Saṅkhyāne uttarapade dviekaaṭṭhaiccetesa mantassa ā vā hoti. Ekādasa pañcīva. Evaṃ dvādasa.

Yadādinā tissa teādese ‘‘ekādito dassa ra saṅkhyāne’’ti dasasadde dassa ro. Terasa.

257. ‘‘Catūpapadassa lopo tuttarapadādicassa cucopi navā’’ti catusadde tussa lopo cassa cu ca. Cuddasa.

‘‘Dase so niccañce’’ti chassa soādese – ‘‘ḷa darānaṃ’’ti dasasadde dassa ḷo. Soḷasa, aṭṭhārasa.

258. ‘‘Vīsati dasesu bā dvissa tū’’ti dvissa bā. Bāvīsati, ekādasannaṃ pūraṇo ekādasamo.

259. ‘‘Ekādito dasassī’’ti itthiyaṃ ī. Ekādasī iccādi.

‘‘Dvādito konekatthe ce’’ti ko, dve parimāṇāni asseti dvikaṃ. Evaṃ tikādi.

260. ‘‘Samūhatthe kaṇṇā’’ti kaṇa ca, ṇo ca. Manussānaṃ samūho mānussako, mānusso vā.

Ṇe kate – ‘‘jhalānamiyuvā sare vā’’ tīha vākārena issa ayādese – dvayaṃ, tayaṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘gāmajanabandhusahāyādīhi tā’’ti tā. Gāmatā, nāgaratā.

Bhāvataddhita

261. Ṇyattatā bhāve tu.

Bhāvatthe ṇyattatā honti. Tusaddena ttano ca. Sakatthādīsupi ṇyo, sakatthe tā ca.

Hontyasmā saddañāṇāni,

Bhāvo sā saddavuttiyā;

Nimittabhūtaṃ nāmañca,

Jāti dabbaṃ kriyā guṇo.

263. Yathā – candassa bhāvo candattaṃ. Iha nāmavasā candasaddo candaddabbe vattate, nimittassa rūpānugatañca ñāṇaṃ. Evaṃ manussattanti manussajātivasā. Yadādinā īssa rasse – daṇḍittanti daṇḍaddabbasambandhā. Pācakattanti pacanakriyāsambandhā. Nīlattanti nīlaguṇavasā.

Evaṃ ṇyādīsupi yathāyogaṃ ñeyyaṃ. Ṇyo.

Avaṇṇo ye lopañca.

Ye pare avaṇṇo lupyate, cakārena ikāropi.

Yavataṃ talaṇadakārānaṃ byañjanāni calaña jakāratta’’nti yakārayuttānaṃ tādīnaṃ cādayo, kāraggahaṇena sakapabhamādito parayakārassa pubbena saha kvaci pubbarūpañca, dvittaṃ. Paṇḍiccaṃ, kosallaṃ, sāmaññaṃ, sohajjaṃ, porissaṃ, nepakkaṃ, sāruppaṃ, osabbhaṃ, opammaṃ.

Āttañca.

Iuiccetesaṃ ā hoti, rikārāgamo ca ṭhāne.

Saralopādinā ilopo. Isino bhāvo.

Ārissaṃ. Evaṃ mudutā, arahatā, ntassa yadādinā lopo.

Puthujjanattanaṃ, akiñcanameva ākiñcaññaṃ, kuṇḍaniyā apaccaṃ koṇḍañño, ettha vuddhādo vākārena saṃyogantassāpi vuddhi.

Padāya hitaṃ pajjaṃ, dhanāyaṃ saṃvattanikaṃ dhaññaṃ, satito sambhūtaṃ saccaṃ, ilopo, tīsu na vuddhi. Devo eva devatā.

264. ‘‘Ṇa visamādīhī’’ti bhāve ṇo. Vesamaṃ. Ujuno bhāvo ajjavaṃ. Ettha ussa ātte parūkārassa yadādinā avo.

265. ‘‘Ramaṇīyādito kaṇti kaṇa. Mānaññakaṃ.

Abyayataddhita

266. ‘‘Vibhāge dhā ce’’ti dhā, cakārena soppaccayo ca. Ekena vibhāgena ekadhā, nipātattā silopo. Padavibhāgena padaso.

267. ‘‘Sabbanāmehi pakāravacane tu thā’’ti thā. Tukārena thattā ca. Sabbo pakāro, sabbena pakārena vā sabbathā. Evaṃ aññathattā.

268. ‘‘Kimimehi tha’’nti thaṃ, kādese-kathaṃ. Iādese-itthaṃ, thanti yogavibhāgena thaṃ-bahutthaṃ.

269. Amalinaṃ malinaṃ karotītyādyatthe-abhūtatabbhāve gamyamāne karabhūyoge sati nāmato yadādinā īppaccayo, malinīkaroti setaṃ. Abhasmano bhasmano karaṇanti bhasmīkaraṇaṃ kaṭṭhassa. Amalino malino bhavatīti malinībhavati seto. Īppaccayantopi nipāto. Abhūtatabbhāveti kiṃ, ghaṭaṃ karoti, ghaṭo bhavati.

Karabhūyogeti kiṃ, amalino malino jāyate.

Avatthāvatovatthayā, bhūtassaññāya vatthuno.

Tāyāvatthāya bhavanaṃ, abhūtatabbhavaṃ viduṃ.